AN IMPORTANT DISCOVERY BY MR. CARTER. 
193 
performed are fully described and ascertained 
in and by the following description thereof, . 
reference being had to the drawing hereunto' 
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked 
thereon (that is to say) : 
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING. 
Fig. 1, represents my improved apparatus 
affixed to a gas-burner. 
Fig. 2, is a longitudinal section of one of 
the said apparatus shewn separately, and is 
intended to be screwed or otherwise fastened 
to any tube through which gas or other fluid 
is to be passed, and the flow of which is re- 
quired to be regulated or stopped off. 
Fig.3, is apian of fig. 1, and. 
Fig. 4. is a side view of the same apparatus. 
In each of these figures the same letters 
indicate similar part ; a, a, being the tube or 
way for the flow of the gas. b, is a partition 
formed within the tube, a, thus dividing the 
tube into two chambers or parts, c, is an 
opening formed in the tube, a, the upper 
portion thereof is of a circular form, which is 
the shape 1 prefer, but do not confine myself 
thereto. This arrangement is clearly shown 
In fig. 3, the valve being removed in order to 
shew the construction. The valve by which 
the opening, c, is closed or contracted consists 
of a flexible material, e, fastened by a screw 
or other means to the part shewn in section 
at m, which covers completely the opening, c, 
and which for gas apparatus, and for purposes 
where the chemical properties will not injure 
the same, 1 use leather, which is screwed to 
the part, m, and the leather valve is affixed 
gas-tight over the recess formed on the tube, 
a, a, as is clearly shown in the various figures 
in the drawing. It will thus be evident that 
gas or other fluid passing in the direction of 
the arrows will when the valve, e, is off its 
seat, pass over the partition, b, and then pass 
off from the other end of the tube, a ; but such 
gas, or other fluid, will be prevented passirg 
in any other direction by the valve, e, being 
fixed all round, and gas-tight at its edges, g, 
is a metal coyer which carries the handle, h ; 
this handle has a screw, t, by which it is forced 
into or withdrawn from its seat or opening, 
c. Attached to the part, m, is a socket, /. 
On the other end of the screw, i, is formed a 
head which turns easily in the socket, /, con- 
sequently is capable of lifting the valve from, 
or closing it over, the opening, c. The handle 
I prefer to be moveable and therefore have 
emitted it in fig. 1 . 
Having thus described the arrangement of 
the apparatus, and the manner of combining 
the same, 1 would remark, that I usually cast 
the tube, a, o, in one piece, as is shewn in 
the drawing, but I do not confine myself 
thereto, for it will be evident, that a similar 
arrangement may be added to an ordinary 
piece of tube. And I would further remark, 
that I do not confine myself to the use of 
leather as the flexible material for covering 
the opening, c. What I claim as my invention 
is, the conbining the flexible valve, e, of any 
suitable material, with a tube, a, arranged as 
above described, into an improved apparatus 
for regulating the supply of gas to the burner, 
and for stopping off the same, applicable also 
as a cock in drawing off, or regulating, the 
flow of other fluids. — In witness whereof, &c. 
Enrolled December 22, 1835. 
PERSPECTIVE MADE EASY, 
(Continued from page 141.J 
RuiiE. — From the place of the point in the 
ground plan draw a line to the point of sight ; 
and from the point where this line cuts the 
picture-sheet, let fall a perpendicular upon 
the line a 6 in fig. 2. After this, from the 
place of the point in the ground plan, whose 
perspective is wanted, let fall another per- 
pendicular upon the line ab, in fig* 2; on this 
perpendicular setup the height that the point 
stands at in the elevation above the line a b, 
measuring this height from the line a 6 in the 
perspective view ; then from the height so set 
up, draw a line to the point c in the perspective 
view, and the place where this line cuts the 
perpendicular let fall from the point in the 
picture-sheet, where the line drawn to the eye 
in the ground plan cuts it, is the perspective 
of the point wanted. 
Example l. — Suppose that we want to find 
the perspective of the top point s of the 
pyramid B. From s, in the ground plan, draw 
alinesc to the eye; and from the point 
where this line cuts the picture-sheet, let fall 
a line perpendicular to ab, in fig. 2. Then 
from the point s let fall a line sv perpen- 
dicular to ab, in fig. 2 ; on this line set up the 
point a, above the line ab, at a distance equal 
to the height of the top w of the pyramid, above 
the line ab, in the elevation, and from the point 
vdraw a line to c, in the perspective view, and 
the point u, where the lines tJcand^w intersect, 
is the perspective of the top point of the 
pyramid. As all the lines that run up the 
sides of the pyramid meet at the top, the 
perspective view of the pyramid is completed, 
by finding the perspective of the other ends 
of these lines, and joining as many of these 
points as are not hid by surfaces in front of 
them with the point u, and then join the 
perspectives of the points at the bottoms of 
the lines, the one with the other. The method 
of drawing the cube in front of the picture, 
and also the cube on which the pyramid stands, 
is fully sketched' out in the engraving. The 
six- sided prism C is drav.m in perspective, in 
the very same way as the pyramid — by finding 
the perspectives of the points at the ends of 
all the lines in it, and joiiring these perspective 
points. 
Example 2. — To find the perspective of 
a circle, or any other curve, in order to 
illustrate this example, we shall take the 
circle on the top of the pillar D. Mark off 
at random any number of points., xyz, in the 
ground plan of this circle, and find by the 
rule the perspective of each of these points ; 
then when that is done, connect the perspective 
points by a curve line, and this line will be 
the perspective of the circle on the top of the 
pyramid. The method of findingthe perspective 
of the point x is sketched out in the engraving . 
