THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF A NEW MANUFACTURE. 
227 
Brothers (Copper, Tin, Lead, and SilverL 
110.000, Wheal Gilbert (Tin and Copper), 
15.000, Wrexham Iron and Coal Company, 
60.000, Wheals Harmony and Montague (Cop- 
per and Tin), 50,000, Total, £ 3,006,200. 
Railways. 
Altona, Hamburgh, and Lubeck, £ 300,000, 
Birmingham and Gloucester, 750,00, Bristol 
and Exeter, 1,500,000, Birmingham, Bristol, 
and Thames Junction, 150,000, Brighton and 
London (Palmer’s), 2,100,000, Brighton and 
London (Gibb’s) 900,000, Brighton and Lon- 
don (Stevenson’s) 1,000,000, Brighton and 
London (Cundy’s), 700,000, British and Ame- 
rican Intercourse (land part), 1,244,000, 
Blackwall and London, 400,000, Blackwall 
Commercial, 600,000, Calcutta and Saugor, 
500. 000, Croydon and London, 140,000, Dover 
and London, 1,000,000, Eastern Counties, 
1.500.000, Gravesend and London, 600,000, 
Great Western, 3,000,000, Grand Atlantic, 
3.000. 000, Grand Surrey Canal and Junction, 
600.000, Great Northern, 3,000,000, Grand 
Northern, 4,000,000, Hull and Selby, 270,000 
La Loire, 140,000, Llanelly, 200,000, London 
Grand Junction, 600,000, National Pneuma- 
tic, 200,000, North Midland, 1,250,000, 
North of England, 1,000,000, Preston and 
Wyre, 130,000, South Eastern, 1,400,000, 
Southampton, 1,000,000, South Durham, 
150.000, South-West Durham Junction, 
50.000, Southend and Hole Haven, 300,000, 
Tower of London, 1,000,000, Thames Haven, 
450.000, Windsor and London, 300,000, Total, 
£ 35,424,000. 
Miscellaneous. 
Anti Dry Rot Company, £ 250,000, Bognor 
Improvement Company, 200,000, British 
Agricultural Loan Company, 2,100,000, Corn- 
wall Royal Tin Smelting Company, 100,000, 
Deptford Pier and Improvement Company, 
50.000, Danube and Mayne Canal Company, 
833.000, Equitable Discount Society, 100,000, 
Equitable Society, 210,000, Equitable Rever- 
sionary Interest Society, 300,000, Eastern 
Metropolitan, Surrey, Kent, and Sussex So- 
ciety, 150,000, Gravesend River Thames 
Floating Bath Company, 20,000, Hastings 
Improvement Company, 200,000, Imperial 
Anglo-Brazilian Canal, Road, Bridge, and 
Land Improvement Company, 500,000, Lon- 
don Reversionary Interest Society, 400,000, 
Licensed Victuallers’ Fire and Life Insurance, 
150.000, Mexican and South American Com- 
pany, 100,000, Metropolis Pure Soft Spring 
Water Company, 300,000, National Provident 
Institution. Norwood Park Estate, 20,000, 
Pennsylvania Coal, Land and Timber Compa- 
ny, 135,000, Prospective Endowment Associa- 
tion, 1,000,000, Patent White Lead Company, 
100.000, Rio De Anori Gold Stream-works 
Company, 25,000, Shetland Fishery Associa- 
tion, 100,000, South London Market Com- 
pany, 250,000, South of England Rever- 
sionary Interest Association, 50,000, South 
Australian Company, 500,000, United Invest- 
ment Company 50,000, Total, £8,193,000. 
Summary. 
Banks, £1,150,000, Steam, 1,889,000, 
Gas, 295,000, Mines, 3,006,200, Railways, 
35.424.000, Miscellaneous, 8,193,000, Total, 
£49,957,200. 
PROGRESS OF SCIENCE, 
AS APPLICABLE TO THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES ; TO COMMERCE 
AND TO AGRICULTURE. 
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT OF THE 
CAOUTCHOUC MANUFACTURE. 
In every view the rise and progress of 
a new manufacture is an interesting ob- 
ject of contemplation, and especially so 
when employed on a new material. Whe- 
ther we consider it as indicating the pro- 
gress of man in subduing the powers and 
properties of nature to his uses, or as esta- 
blishing by new instances the adaptedness of 
the material creation to the supply of our 
wants and the improvement of our faculties ; 
or as furnishing new ties of brotherhood be- 
tween men and nations by the mutual de- 
pendency for the gratification of new de- 
sires ; or as evidencing the illimitable in- 
crease of human wishes and efforts ; or as 
showing the beneficence of the providential 
movements by which the skill, the perse- 
verance (perchance the infatuated perse- 
verance) of one man in a far-off corner of 
the world provides a market for the labour 
of thousands, wandering before in wild and 
naked want, and gives in return, knowledge 
and civilization, and their countless and 
inestimable consequences : In any of these 
aspects the adaptation of a new material to 
the wants or even the whims of civilised 
society is an event full of interest to the 
philosopher, the patriot, and the Christian. 
The struggling inventor himself is usual- 
ly beset with cai'es and difficulties. To 
extort from nature her secrets, and to riddle 
out of the heaps which art has gathered, the 
precious grains of knowledge that he needs, 
to bear the jeers of the ignorant, the super- 
ciliousness of the purse-proud, and the 
pitiful advice of the prudent : these are his 
toils and his trials — troubles sweetened only 
by enthusiastic hope, the confident convic- 
