ON CALICO AND 
SPECIFICATION OF THE PATENT 
GRANTED TO JOHN LOSH, OF 8, 
CRESCENT, IN THE CITY OF CAR- 
■ LISLE, GENTLEMAN, FOR AN IM- 
PROVEMENT IN THE SURFACE OR 
PATTERN-ROLL OF THE MACHINES 
USED IN PRINTING CALICO AND 
OTHER GOODS, COMMONLY CALLED 
■ SURFACE PRINTING MACHINES, 
AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING 
THE SAID ROLLS.— 
Sealed May 30, 1835. 
. 1 , 
toothed and pinion-wheel heretofore fixed on 
the axis of the pattern roll, and substituting 
therefore a driving band or belt passing over 
pulleys or elevated parts turned or formed 
on the end of the said roll, and of the exact 
diameter of the roll with the pattern upon it, 
thus constituting an improved roll, and a 
new mode of working the surface printing- 
machine separately, or attached to a cylin- 
der printing machine, for the purpose of 
printing calico, linen, woollen, silk, paper, or 
other the like description of goods, and which 
improvement will remove the difficulty and 
loss that has hitherto attended the working 
of the surface printing-machine, a difficulty 
arising from the surface or pattern roll being 
propelled by a tooth and pinion-wheel fixed 
upon the axis of the pattern roll, and conse- 
quently the slightest variation in diameter 
between the patteim-roll and propelling- 
wheel, or mandril, varies the speed of the 
circumference of the printing-roll called the 
surface, and it therefore does not leave its 
own impression neat and plain as it ought to 
be, but is dragged along the face of the cloth 
and leaves instead a trailed mark upon the 
piece of goods intended to be printed. 
And whereas, in further compliance with 
the said proviso, I, the said John Losh, do 
SURFACE PRINTING; ^S9 
hereby describe the manner in which my said 
invention is to be performed by the following 
statfement thereof, reference being had to the 
drawing annexed, and to the figures and let- 
ters marked thereon (that is to say) : 
The improved surface roll is made of wood 
bored through the centre from end to end to 
admit a cylinder of cast-iron or any other 
metal on which the roll should fit quite tight ; 
if the wood when bored is not found to fit 
tight upon the cylinder fill up the space with 
glue or cement made of rosin, pitch, and Ro- 
man cement when hot, in the following pro- 
portions, namely : one pound of rosin, one 
pound of pitch, and a quarter of a pound of 
Roman cement, and run in between the wood 
and the cylinder, the glue or cement will then 
fill up the empty space and also bind the wood 
to the cylinder. I'he cylinder is cast with a 
flange inside each, and leaving only a suffi- 
cient hole in the centre through which to pass 
an iron spindle, which spindle forms the axis 
ef the roll and is made fast to the flange at 
each end of the cylinder, which should be 
larger or smaller according to the diameter of 
the roll, so that when the I’oil is turned in the 
lathe to the size required there may only re- 
main a small portion of wood upon the cylin- 
der, but, at the same time, sufficient for the 
purpose required in forming the pattern upon 
it. At one or both ends the roll is left thick- 
er, as shown at a, a, fig. 1 , or wdien the 
pattern is a very distant one, instead of leav- 
ing the roll at each end thicker, drive in till 
on a level with the pattern ; bars of copper 
or other metal, and only so many bars as the 
pattern forms row^s from end to end of the 
roll so that the bars and the patterns may be 
in a line with each other, as shown at A, A, 
fig. 2. The circumference of these thick ends 
or elevated parts of the roll, whether left 
thicker in turning the wood of the roll, as 
shewn at fig. l, or raised with bars of metal, 
as shewn at fig. 2, must in every case be 
precisely the same as the extreme circumfer- 
ence of the pattern upon the roll, as it is up- 
on these elevated or thicker ends of the roll 
that the belt or belts traverse to give the ne- 
cessary motion to the pattern. The pattern 
being formed upon the roil in the usual man- 
ner, with copper-pins, wood, &c., as required, 
which is smoothed upon the surface by being 
turned in a lathe, that part of the pattern roll 
over which the belt or belts pass, should also 
be carefully smoothed or turned down at the 
same time to exactly the same diameter. The 
surface roll is liable to become a little untrue, 
wear down, and also to dry in, by using it in 
a hot workshop, which cannot be prevented, 
and it is thus on the old plan rendered en- 
tirely useless, as it can, according to the old 
method of w’^orking the machine, be used only 
when exactly the same diameter as the man- 
dril or principal carrying wheel, and when 
this once varies, from the causes hereinbefore 
mentioned, it cannot be rectified. All these 
difficulties and also some others are entirely 
obviated by my plan of propelling the surface 
or pattern roll by a belt or belts working, 
upon the circumference of the said roll at 
either or both ends. The belt may be of 
