300 
AN IMPORTANT GEOLOGICAL PAPER. 
the part of Government to do what was right 
and just, a gradual improvement has been 
apparent every where ; and the effect of this 
upon the increase of the population has 
been most remarkable and satisfactory. 
POPULATION OF NAGPORE. 
The following is a copy from the report 
of Mr. Jenkins in the Nagpore territory. 
Statistical Table of the Population of Nagpore. 
According t<» the census ofl820-21, the population 
oftlie several <iistricts and the cily stood thus : 
Deouurh below the Ghauts 4,84,657 
Wyne Gun«a distticts , 6,60,040 
Cliiilieesgurh 571,915 
rlianda *.£,79,556 
Deotjurh above the Ghauts 1,07,505 
City of Nagpore l,ll,*23l 
Total 22,14,901 
Assumin'.' that the rate of iticrease in Chutteesgurh 
(where no subsequent census was taken) was the same 
as iti other parts of the country, the population, ac. 
cording to the census of 1825, is as follows ; — 
[vi llages- 
Deogurh below the Ghauts. 5, 72, 792 in 1890 towns & 
Wyne Guniia districts. . . 6,90,770 in 21 1 1 ditto. 
Chutteesgurh 6,39.603 in 4434 ditto. 
Chanda • • • 3,06 996 in 1223 ditto. 
Deogiirh above the Ghauts 1,45,363 in l24l ditto. 
City of Nagpore and Subrs. 1,15,228 
Total 24,70,752 
being an increase of 2,55,848 in the course of five 
years. 
Tables of births and deaths have been kept in 
the Wyne Gnnga district for the last four , and in 
Deoguih bellow the Ghauts, for the last two years. 
They sive the following results : — 
Wyne Giinga district in 1831 
I'otal population, 6,60,040 
Births 25, 436. .Deaths 14,015, 
being as one hundred to fifty-five, nearly. 
riie births are one in twenty six, nearly, and the 
deaths one in forty-seven, nearly. 
The excess of births above the deaths, is II 4Jl, 
and the proportion of excess of births above the 
deaths, to the whole of the living, near ly one to 
fifty-eight, so that, at this rate, the population 
would double in about forty years. 
In 1832. 
Total population, 6,7 1,1 17. 
Births 27,692... Deaths 15,664. 
being as one hundred to fiity-six neatly. The 
birihs are one in twenty-four, nearly— the deaths 
one in foiiy-thiee, nearly. 
The excess of births above the deaths, is 12,128, 
and the poilion of excess of births above the 
deatlis, to the whole of the living, nearly one to 
fifty-five ; consequeiuly, the period of douhliitg is 
about thirty-eight years and a half. 
In r833. 
Total population of the Wy ne Gungaand Deogiirh, 
districts, 12,63,562. 
'I'he births 47,896 The deaths 23,103. 
The births being to the deaths, as one bundled to 
fifty and a half, nearly. 
1 he birihs are about one in twenty nine and a 
half: the deaths are one in fifty-three and a half. 
The excess of births above the deaths, is 18,873 ; 
the proprn tion of the excess to the whole of the 
living, being nearly one tosixty five, the population 
would double in foity-five yeais. 
In 1834. 
Total population of the W'yne Gunga, and Dcoguth 
districts, 12,63,562. 
Birihs, 47,896. ..Deaths 29,946. 
The births to the deaths ate one hundred to sixty- 
two and a half, nearly. 
The births, one in twenty-six. The deaths, one 
III fortv-two. Excess of births above the deaths, 
I7s950 ; the pioportion of this excess to the whole 
of (he living being, as one to seventy ; at this rate, 
the population would double in about forty eight 
years. 
GEOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF THE 
MOUNTAIN RIDGE BETWEEN 
SYLHET AND ASSAM FROM CHIR- 
RAPOONJEE TO GOWHATTEE. 
Within this range there appear to ns to be four 
distinct formations, which claim particular atieiilion 
from the geologist. Ihefiist is the surface of 
the present epoch, arising from the silt of the nu- 
merous and magnificent rivers, which from the 
East, North, and W’esl, pour their waters through 
the plains of Bengal into the ocean, laden with 
the annual spoils of our great mouiiiaiu ranges, lu 
traveisiiig the various streams of the Brunihapoot- 
tra, the Teesta. and the Ganges, endless opportu- 
nities are afforded us of matking the successive 
changes through which the light, giay, and peifecily 
incoherent, micaceous sand, jusi deposited from the 
last oveiflowiiigs of tbe rivers, passes into iiitiniie 
varieties of soil, by gradual decomposilinii of its 
own component elements, by incoiporation with 
the vegetable matter wliich even in one seaS' ii be- 
gins to grow and rot amongst it, and by niixtnte 
with the older and richer deposits, which the rivers 
in their capricious changes are continually break- 
ing up and disirilmting afresh. In such observa- 
tions, with Mr. Lyell’s chapters on the formation of 
deltas in our hand, we found endless eiiteitaiumeiit 
in the first months of the present year: and often 
we wished that this dislingnished Geologist had 
an Opportunity of exploring our magiiificeiit river 
coiiises, and adding the data they furnish to his 
accumulated treasuies. 
The next formation, if we may call it so, which 
demands atteiiiioti, is the strong red clay which is 
found on all sides, at the extreme verge of the range 
within which the present uintations of tbe rivers are 
confined. We liave lemaiked it on the west coming 
in to the very hanks of the Bliagnrnttee not far from 
Moorshedahad ; on the noith in the districts of Di- 
nagepore and llajshaye; at Sohar, a few miles 
north west of Dacca, where it forms an ahiupi 
and striking bank to the river, and at Dacca itself 
a few feel under the surface of loose soil similar to 
that of the middle parts of Bengal ; and lastly tor 
several miles on the south hank of the Briinihapoot- 
tra, just above Goaipaia, wheie, in contrast with 
the ordinary hanks of the liver, it looks more like 
a precipice of rock than mere clay. This clay has 
long aiipeareil to ns like the remnants of an ancient 
continuous surface through which therivers have cut 
their ciiaiinels for ages, so as nearly to have effaced 
it altogether. In the pioper delta of the Ganges, or 
the great plain enclosed helweeii the Bhagiiruttee 
and the main stream of the Ganges to its conjunc 
(ion with the Megtia, we have not seen a frag meiit 
of this ciay, hilt are not confideiu that it may not he 
found ill the Fiireedpore distiict wheie we once 
thought we peiceived the counny to have an iiiidii- 
lating surface differing materially from the rest of 
the della. 
Another most important formation inrludes the 
carboniferous S} stems ofBuidwan, Sylhet.anri As- 
sam. These we may conceive tofhe conteniporane- 
ous deposits formed ill a marine bed. including the 
whole of Bengal, Assam, and the einire valley of 
the Soorma. On the western side in Burdwaii and 
Beeihhoom they appear to have been lifted but 
sUgliily from their original siiuation ; for the coal 
