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RECENT DISCOVERIES IN MINERALOGY. 
and is thin, transparent, and of a very com- 
pact texture, having a narrow bright yellow 
band, surrounding its longer circumference. 
In this web, the chrysalis, which is 
white, is seen to repose, with its head in- 
variably directed towards the point at 
which the gall insect intends to escape ; 
and in a few days gradually to assume the 
appearance of the perfect insect. 
We may now observe the several parts as 
they lie doubled up in this confinement. 
The antennae, which are remarkable for 
their length, are seen lying along the back 
and the ovipositor is turned in a contrary 
direction, on the belly. 
Not many days after the gall insect has 
made its escape, this insect, having attained 
its perfect form, breaks through its cover- 
ing, and squeezing itself through the same 
aperture, by which tlie former insect had 
previously made its exit, emerges at once 
a perfect fly, the wings and other parts 
having attained their full size whilst in the 
cocoon. 
Little difference is observable in the 
sexes; except that the female is rather 
larger and is possessed of a long ovipositor 
which she carries straight out from her 
body; and the male has three brown 
spots disposed in a triangular manner on two 
of the upper dorsal segments of the abdo- 
men. The colour of both is similar and is 
of a warm yellow ochre hue, with the eyes, 
antennte, and ovipositor dark brown ; the 
wings are of a light brown colour dotted 
and semi-transparent. 
A few of the other peculiarities will be 
better understood by reference to the draw- 
ings and definition. 
DEFINITION. 
Lava . — A whitish or glaucus grub 
possessing six minute tubercles, answering 
to feet. 
Metamorphosis. — Coarctate. 
Antenna. — Long, raoniliform, contiguous, 
and composed of 22 articulations. 
Mouth. — Mandibulate, possessing labial 
and maxillary pulpi. 
Tarsi. — Pentamerous. 
Wings. — Four, incumbent, somewhat 
opaque and dotted, upper pair areolate ; 
lower incomplete. 
Ovipositor. — Extricated, two valved, con- 
taining three spiculse. 
Body. — Legs, wings, and ovipositor, co- 
vered with short hairs. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 
Fig. 1. — A section of a gall, one of the 
cells of which contains the grub of the 
ichneumon and the pupa of the proper gall 
insect. 
1 A. — Pupa of gall insect. 
1 B. — Grub of ichneumon. 
Fig. 2. — Grub of ichneumon, magnified. 
Fig. 3. — A section of a gall, containing 
the cocoon of ichneumon, magnified. 
Fig. 4. — The cocoon taken from the 
gall, do. 
Fig. 5. — The dorsal aspect of the pupa 
or chrysalis taken out of the cocoon. 
Fig. 6. — The insect nearly arrived at 
perfection ; head points towards the opening 
by which the gall insect has escaped. 
Fig. 7. — Ichneumon about to emerge 
from its cocoon. 
Fig. 8. — Perfect male insect. 
Fig. 9. — Do. female insect. 
Fig. 10. — The maxillary and labial pulpi. 
Fig, 11. — The ovipositor. 
Fig. 12. — Extremity of a half-sheath. 
Fig. 13. — Hind leg. 
Fig. 14. — Fore leg. 
Fig. 15. — 1 he three threads or spiculae 
of ovipositor joined. 
GENERAL SCIENCE. 
NEW MINERALS. 
Tripkylline, {rpig three and family), 
from its consisting of three phosphates. It 
is described by Fuchs as being crystalline, 
cleaving in four directions; one of the cleav- 
ages is vertical to the others. Two of them 
are parallel with the sides of a rhombic 
prism of about 132° and 148°. The primary 
form is a rhombic prism. Colour 'greenish 
gray, in some places blueish ; the powder 
grayish white. In large pieces the lustre is 
fatty ; in thin portions translucent. Speci- 
fic gravity, 3*6. Hardness nearly that of 
apatite ; fuses readily before the blowpipe. 
With borax fuses into an iron-cloured glass. 
It is soluble in acids. It consists of phos- 
phoric acid 41*47; protoxide of iron 48*37 ; 
oxide of manganese 4*7 ; lithia 3*4 ; silica 
*53 ; water *68 ; loss 65. — Poggendorffs* 
Annalen, xxxvi. 473. 
Tetraphylline . — This appears to be a varie- 
ty of the proceeding, it was obtained by 
Nordenskiold from Keite, in Finland. It 
contains phosphoric acid 42*6 ; protoxide of 
iron 38*6; oxide of manganese 12*1; mag- 
nesia 1*7 ; lithia 8*2. — Ibid. 
