406 
INFORMATION IMPORTANT '] O SUGAR MANUFACTURERS. 
be given ; but a little attention and prac- 
tice will soon enable an individual to per- 
form the operation in process, with the 
fullest effect, and in order to facilitate 
this operation being fully understood, it 
should be stated that the earth is preferred 
to be taken sufficiently below the surface, to 
prevent any vegetable substance being in- 
troduced with it into the juice. The earth 
being first sifted, in order to remove stones, 
and by water is made wet, to about the con- 
sistency of thick mud ; it is to be gradually 
stirred into the juice, observing that when 
small streams of clarified juice follow the 
course of the stirring instrument or stick, 
no further earth will be required, nor will 
further stirring be necessary, and the quan- 
tity of earth will generally be found to be 
about one by measure to ten of juice. It is 
not desirable to continue the addition of 
earth during the whole time of stirring ; but, 
on the contrary, it is better to add the 
earth from time to time, watching the ef- 
fect of the stiri’ing, and judging whether a 
further application of earth is necessary: 
though the whole quantity of earth would 
be better if applied at once, if the operator, 
from experience, has obtained a knowledge 
of the proper quantity. 
Having thus far explained the nature of 
the invention, I would have it understood 
that the result depending on a porous pro- 
perty or affinity which the earth has for the 
oily, mucilaginous, and other impurities, 
and its being of a greater specific gravity 
than the juice which causes such impurities 
to be precipitated with earth that clarify the 
juice, it will be evident that those matters 
having similar properties, such for instance 
as pulverized pumice stone, will have a 
like effect. I do not thei’efore confine 
myself to any particular earth or material ; 
though, so far as experience goes, common 
earth is not only the cheapest but most ef- 
fective. The invention in respect of clari- 
fying the juices, it should be understood, 
relates to the process of precipitating the 
oily, mucilaginous, and other impurities, by 
means of the matei’ials described previously 
to the application of heat : having performed 
the operation of stirring and mixing, as 
above-mentioned, the whole is to stand quiet 
till the earth or other suitable material 
has precipitated with the impurities. The 
clarified juice may then be drawn off by 
suitable plugs or taps placed in the vessel, 
and it will be found that the earth and im- 
purities will retain but a very small portion 
of juice, the same drawing off very freely. 
It now only remains to explain the manner 
of bleaching the juice, in conjunction with 
the clarifying process. This consists in in- 
troducing into the receiver, previous to the 
juice running into it, a quantity varying a 
little according to the quantity of colour 
contained in the juice of animal or other 
charcoal, having known bleaching proper- 
ties reduced to fine impalpable powder, and 
saturated with water. This charcoal having 
been stirred up ten or fifteen minutes with 
the juice, earth ^ust be added, as in the 
former process, to precipitate the whole. 
The approximate proportion requisite will 
be a quarter of a pound of animal charcoal 
to a gallon of juice ; of other charcoal half 
a pound ; using in each case a double quan- 
tity in the first instance of either charcoal 
will insure it being sufficient for three oper- 
ations. 
Having now described the nature of the 
invention, as communicated to me from 
abroad, I would have it understood that I 
am aware that alkaline and other earthy 
substances, as well also as animal and other 
charcoal, have been used in various ways in 
the manufacture of sugar ; I do not therefore 
lay claim to the application of the same ge- 
nerally, but do confine the claim of inven- 
tion, secured by the present letters patent, I 
to the process herein described for clarifying 
and bleaching cane and other juices by pre- , 
cipitation, by means of the materials herein 
set forth, when such process is performed i 
previous to such juices undergoing the ap- j 
plication of heat, as above described. — In 
witness whereof, &c. j 
Enrolled September 1, 1835. i 
PERSPECTIVE MADE EASY. 
{Continued from page 243.) 
10. If, in the ground plan, or the elevation, 
one part keeps another out of sight, the part 
hid must be drawn, before its perspective can 
be made. The dotted lines in the ground 
plan, showing the small moulding on the top 
of the pillar, and the dotted lines in the same 
plan, that show the round panels in the cube 
that is close to the picture-sheet, illustrate 
this remark. 
11. If a picture is wmnted, in which the 
transparent plane does not stand perpendi- 
cular, the easiest way to make it, is to consi- 
der the picture-sheet perpendicular, and draw 
the figures, corresponding to the ground 
plan and elevation, as if the objects were put 
off the perpendicular, by elevating one side 
of the horizontal surface passing through the 
lowest point in them. 
12. Sometimes after the ground plan of 
any object, or number of objects, is drawn, 
it may be considered better not to have the 
picture-sheet in this plan parallel to the top 
or bottom edges of this drawing-board, but 
in a direction such as the line b c, in fig. 4, is 
drawn. When this happens, draw, as in fig. 
1, lines from all the paints in the ground 
plan to d, the point of sight ; then let fall 
