IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
31 
since 1888 is not far from 230, all in the nature of additions 
to our flora as known to Tuckerman. 
Turning to American workers of the period, we may 
consider first John Macoun, of Ottawa, Canada, most of 
whose work was done in the previous period, beginning as 
far back as 1877, but culminating in his “Catalogue of 
Canadian Lichens,” 1902. In this catalogue is given a list 
of 614 lichens with notes on distribution and habitat. 
Macoun is not wholly given to lichenology, but during the 
last thirty years has, with his other collecting and study, 
accomplished a work that must be regarded by all future 
students of the lichen flora of northern United States and 
British America. 
Next comes W. W. Calkins, a man possessed of a genuine 
love of pature and who has done telling work not only on 
our lichens, but on seed-plants and fungi as well. His first 
papers on lichens appeared in 1885, and he has since 
published eight short papers and “The Lichen Flora of 
Chicago and Vicinity,” 1896. This last paper is an important 
contribution, consisting of a short historical sketch, a 
descriptive catalogue of the 125 lichens of the area and the 
first bibliography of lichens published in this country. 
But Mr. Calkins will be remembered rather as a keen-eyed 
collector of plants, who, after doing a large amount of 
general work in the south, devoted himself entirely to the 
lichens during his last few winters in the south, added 
greatly to our knowledge of the lichen flora and discovered 
26 new species. Calkin’s species have been widely dis- 
tributed in the last few years and are to be found in many 
American herbaria. 
J. W. Eckfeldt began his work in 1877 and has since 
determined largely for various collectors, but his first 
paper appeared in 1886, and following this the “Catalogue 
of the Lichen Flora of Florida,” published with Calkins in 
1887. This is a list of 330 lichens, of which 8 are new and 
named by Nylander and Willey. But Eckfeldt’s most 
important contribution is “An Enumeration of the Lichens 
of New Foundland and Labrador,” 1895, in which he 
lists more than 450 forms and gives descriptions of three 
