SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF IOWA 
WATERS. 
BY L. H. PAMMEL, K. E. BUCHANAN AND EDNA L. KING. 
A good supply of water is of prime importance for every 
community. We are more and more beginning to appre- 
ciate and to insist on the disposal of sewage and a proper 
and good supply of water. It is astonishing that epidemics 
of typhoid fever are so common. Especially so when we 
know that typhoid fever is a preventable disease in large 
measure. It is astonishing that it is so common a disease 
in countries where sanitary science has attained its great- 
est development. 
Swithinbank and Newman* in their recent exhaustive 
treatise on the Bacteriology of Milk give an extensive re- 
view of something like forty pages of the milk-borne out- 
breaks of typhoid fever. The following rather interesting 
statistics are collected by these authors. Dr. Cooper-Pat- 
ton of Norwich has presented the following table derived 
from 656 cases of typhoid fever at Norwich, from the years 
1895 to 1897. 
Typhoid Fever Patients in Norwich 
(656). 
Percentage of Patients. 
Triennial 
1895 
1896 
1897 
Averages. 
Who drank no milk 
10.0 
8,0 
2 0 
6 6 
Who drank milk raw and uncooked. . . . 
25.3 
24.0 
29.0 
26.0 
Who drank milk boiled, cooked, or in 
tea, etc 
65 0 
67.5 
68.0 
66.8 
Who used condensed milk 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.6 
* Swithinbank and Newman.— Bacteriology 'of Milk. al5. 
(Ill) 
