F. S. Beudant on the Calcareous Ticf us of Hungary . 29 
to the resistance from friction, &c. at L, as 4 is to 5, instead of 
as 1 to 4 by the new escapement. It is evident, too, that much 
more force will be required to bend the spring em, which must 
be of sufficient strength to resist the whole force of the scape- 
wheel in Earnshaw’s, than to overcome the friction of the pivot- 
holes at H, and the force of the tender spring at f and conse- 
quently another advantage is gained by this method, perhaps not 
less than the former. Indeed, the less LK is in proportion to LM, 
it is obviods the less is the advantage gained in Earnshaw’s ; 
whereas in this, the less GH is in proportion to HB, so much the 
more is gained, and that in any given proportion, since the im- 
pulse-pallet is placed on one side of the scape-wheel, and the de- 
tent on the other. Since, in the new escapement, the impulse or 
power is to the resistance as 1 is to 4, and in Earnshaw’s they are 
in the ratio of 4 to 5, the advantage gained by Earnshaw’s me- 
thod is only one-fourth of the whole, whereas in this it is three 
times the whole. It is also apparent, that the whole force of 
the scape-wheel bears upon the centre H, since cd is an arc of a 
circle ; and hence the difficulty of forming the spring em of the 
proper thickness absolutely necessary to support that force is 
thereby avoided. The locking by this method is also much 
more sure and steady, when resting on a centre, than in the case 
of Earnshaw’s, which is upon a slight spring. The detent GH 
is brought into its proper position, by means of a very delicate 
spring, acting at about f as before stated, on the jewel, which is 
fixed there chiefly to receive the tooth of the scape-wheel ; or it 
may be done by a spiral or helical spring attached to the axis 
at H, somewhat in the form of a balance-spring, which, by an 
adjustment, may perhaps have a slight influence in bringing the 
chronometer to time. 
Edinburgh, Sept. 1822. 
Art. V. — On the Calcareous Tifas of Hungary. By F. S. 
Beudant, Chevalier of the Royal Order of the Legion of 
Honour, &c. 
JGLesting over deposits of the secondary and other older rocks, 
there appear, on the one hand, the crystalline sediments, or tu- 
