60 Description of the Cave of Kirkdale in Yorkshire , 
Elephant, 
Two teeth. 
Rhinoceros, 
Forty or fifty teeth. 
Hippopotamus, 
Six molar teeth, and fragments of its 
canine and incisor teeth. 
Horse, 
Two or three teeth ; coronary bone. 
Ox, (two species), 
Astragalus, phalangal bone, and seve- 
ral teeth. 
Three species of deer, 
Several teeth ; remains of horns. 
Rabbit, 
A few teeth and bones. 
Water rat. 
A great number of teeth and bones. 
Mouse, 
A few teeth and bones. 
Raven, 
Right ulna. 
Pigeon, 
Left ulna. 
Lark, 
Right ulna. 
A small species of duck, 
Right coracoid process of the scapula. 
Upon first removing the mud, the bottom of the cave was 
strewed all over like a dog-kennel, from end to end, with hun- 
dreds of teeth and bones, or rather broken and splintered frag- 
ments of the bones of a]l the animals above enumerated. They 
were found most abundantly near its mouth ; those of the larger 
animals, such as the elephant, rhinoceros, &c. occurring as ex- 
tensively as all the rest, even in the inmost and smallest recesses. 
With the exception of the hard and solid bones, scarcely a 
single bone has escaped fracture ; and in some of them marks 
may be traced, which, on applying one to the other, appear ex- 
actly to fit the form of the canine teeth of the hyaenas that occur 
in the cave. 
From this comminuted and gnawed condition of the bones, Pro- 
fessor Buckland concludes that the cave at Kirkdale had been in- 
habited during a long succession of years as a den, by hyaenas, 
who had dragged into its recesses the other animal bodies whose 
remains are found mixed with their own. This conjecture re- 
ceived a very interesting confirmation from the discovery made 
by Professor Buckland, of many small balls of the solid calca- 
reous excrement of an animal that had fed on bones. This 
substance was at first sight recognised by the keeper of the me- 
nagerie at Exeter Change, as resembling, both in form and ap- 
pearance, the faeces of the Cape hyaena which was greedy of 
bones beyond all other beasts under his care. As the bones of 
the hyaenas are as much broken to pieces as those of the 
other animals, Professor Buckland likewise infers, that th6 car- 
