FAUNA OF THE KARNUL CAVES. 
29 
represented in pi. VII. figs. 5, 5a was obtained from bed M. in the Charnel-House. 1 
In its very large size, tall crown, and form of the cusps, this specimen differs widely 
from the teeth of Semnopithecus and Macacus , and agrees so exactly with those of 
Cynocephalus that there can be no doubt as to its belonging to that genus. 
Affinities. — The specimen accords very closely with the corresponding tooth of 
the existing C. annbis, but as it might apparently have equally well belonged to the 
Siwalik C. fuleoneri , 2 it appears impossible to make any specific determination. The 
intimate relationship existing between some of the Karnul mammals and those of 
Africa suggests, however, that the present form may be more nearly allied to the 
existing species of that country than to those of the pliocene of India. 
Felis Tigris (or ? leo), Linn. 
Limb-bones. — Since it appears impossible to distinguish the limb-bones of the 
tiger from those of the lion it is by no means certain, in view of the occurrence of 
Hyaena crocuta in the Karnul caves, that at least some of the under-mentioned 
specimens may not belong to the latter rather than to the former species. 3 The first 
phalangeal of the third digit of the right pes represented in pi. VII. fig. 20 was 
found in association with a first and second lateral phalangeal, the fragment of a 
metatarsal, and the greater portion of the tibia of the same side, in the Purgatory 
cave. 4 These specimens indicate an individual equal in size to a large tiger. Another 
first phalangeal (No. F. 224, b) was obtained from bed Cf. of the Cathedral. 
Carnassial. 5 — The anterior portion of the outer half of a left upper carnassial 
(No. F. 224) apparently agreeing with that of the tiger was obtained from bed 
Ce. in the Cathedral. 
(?) Felis pardus, Linn. 
Limb-bones. — The only evidence for the existence of this species in the Karnul 
cave-deposits is afforded by the first phalangeal represented in pi. VII. fig. 19, which 
was obtained from bed Gc. in the Cathedral, and by a metacarpal (No. F. 225, a) 
from bed 0. in the same cave. These specimens are, however, of comparatively 
small size and can hardly be regarded as conclusive evidence. 
Felis chaus, Guldenstadt. 
Mandible. — This cat is represented by the imperfect left mandibular ramus 
figured in pi. VII. fig. 17, which was obtained from bed Ga. in the Cathedral. The 
carnassial has been broken, but the two premolars are perfect, and the posterior half 
of the alveolus of the canine still remains. 
1 This is apparently the specimen noticed by Foote in the ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVII. p. 207, and regarded as 
belonging to the same species as the Semnopithecus. 
2 Supra, pi. I, fig. 4. 3 Jerdon, “ Mammals of India,” p. 92. mentions the occurrence of the lion south of the Narbada. 
4 See Foote, ‘ Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVII. p. 207. 
5 Mr. Foote op. cit. mentions an upper carnassial rather smaller than that of a tiger, but the writer was unable to identify 
the specimen in the coEection. 
