28 INDIAN TERTIARY AND POST-TERTIARY VERTEBRATA. 
Specimens figured. — With the exception of some of the smaller rodents, of which 
the pleistocene age is doubtful, remains of nearly all the Karnul mammals are figured 
in the accompanying plates and woodcuts ; the figured specimens generally com- 
prising more or less incomplete crania, mandibles, or teeth. Of limb-bones, specimens 
of the humerus, and more rarely the femur, of a considerable number of genera 
have been figured, as it has been thought such figures may be useful to future 
explorers of Indian caverns and aid them to identify some of the commoner forms 
with which they may expect to meet. 
Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne) : var. 
Maxilla and mandible.— In the writer’s preliminary notice the remains of this 
form 4 were referred, after Mr. Foote’s provisional determination, to S. priamus, 
but subsequent examination has shown that they are too large for that species. 
The fragments of an associated right maxilla and mandibular ramus' represented 
in plate VII., figs. 2, 3 were obtained from bed M. of the Charnel-House, 1 and 
exhibit the teeth in an early condition of wear ; the inferior portion of the mandible 
has been crushed and bent on one side. The teeth of these specimens are rather 
larger than those of any specimen of S. entellus in the British Museum, and agree 
in this respect with the Himalayan S. schistaceus ; 2 it is, however, practically certain 
that they do not belong to the latter, and they may accordingly be provisionally 
regarded as belonging to a large variety of the former. In the upper jaw the length 
of the space occupied by the three true molars is IT, and in the lower 1-22 inches. 
The specimen represented in fig. 1 of the same plate comprises the greater part of 
the right half of the palate, and shows all the teeth except iT and m.3 ; it was 
obtained from bed A. in the Charnel-House, 3 and from the small size of the canine 
evidently belonged to a female ; the cheek-teeth agree in size with those of the 
preceding specimens. Two canines (No. F. 200) belonging to male individuals have 
been obtained from beds Cc. and Ce. in the Cathedral, and numerous detached cheek- 
teeth from other beds. 
Calcaneum. — The right calcaneum represented in plate VII. fig. 4 was obtained 
from bed C. in the Cathedral, and agrees in relative size with the teeth. An 
associated right calcaneum and astragalus (No. F. 201, c) from the Purgatory cave 
may belong to an immature individual of the present species, or may indicate the 
occurrence of a second form. 
Horizon and range. — The present form appears to have existed during the whole 
period of the Karnul cave deposits. There appears some uncertainty as to the 
southern limit of the range of the existing race, but it is probable that it embraces 
at least a portion of the Deccan. 4 
Cynocephalus, sp. 
Lower molar. — The unworn second left lower true molar of a large monkey 
1 See Foote ‘ Eec. Geol. Surv. Ind.’ vol. XVII. p. 207. 
2 Compare the mandible represented in pi. I. fig - . 6. of the preceding part of this volume. 
3 See Foote, op. ext. p. 206. 4 See Jerdon, ‘ Mammals of India,” pp. 5, 6. 
