IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
43 
II. PINE UPLAND. 
The flora of this type is so nearly the same as that of 
the Pine Flats that a separate list is unnecessary. In 
addition to the foregoing, the following species occur on 
the high pine land of northern Jasper and Newton coun- 
ties, Tyler county and Angelina county. 
Quercus minor (Marsh) Sargent. Post Oak. Common; 
increasing northward. 
Q. MARYLANDicA Muench. Blackjack. Not uncommon. 
III. “ HIGH HAMMOCK.” 
This is a local name applied to a very well marked type, 
and adopted by the Bureau of Forestry as a technical term 
applicable to that type. In the northern end of Jasper 
county, and the southern end of San Augustine, as the 
Longleaf pine begins to thin oub, its place, on the higher 
land, is taken by a mixture of Shortleaf and hardwoods, 
with occasionally some Loblolly. In appearance the ^‘High 
Hammock” differs totally from the Pine Upland. It is 
usually characterized by dense thickets of Shortleaf seed- 
lings, often badly stunted by the shade of the hardwoods 
under which they grow. The Shortleaf is the typical 
species, but the following are found in considerable 
abundance: 
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum.. Near streams. 
Hicoria alba (L.) Britton. Hickory. 
Hicoria pecan (Marsh) Britton. Pecan. 
Fraxinus AMERICANA L. White Ash. 
Quercus digitata (Marsh) Sudw. Spanish Oak. 
Q. VELUTINA Lam. Black Oak. 
Q. MINOR and Q. marylandioa here become very common, 
but do not attain their maximum size. 
Of trees common to Pine Upland and High Hammock 
are the Sassafras, Sweet Gum, Sweet Bay and Crab. 
