IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
93 
Some of the most abundant plants found in the open 
woods are as follows: Balsamorrhiza sagittata is especially 
abundant Dn the dry slopes. This species frequently cov- 
ers the side of the mountains. The Delphinium scopuloriim 
forms great masses in the open woods with Amelonchier 
ahiifolia and Symphoricarpos raceinosus. The most abun- 
dant grass is Agropyron dasystachyum. Epilohium spicatum, 
Cnieus drummondii and Arnica cordifolia occur in the open 
woods. The Gnicus drummondii in small open meadows. 
In these may also be found the Erigeron salsuginosus. 
Shepherdia canadensis, and Juniperus communis common 
throughout the woods. The Epilohium spicatiim and Gnicus 
drummondii are the most common fire weeds occurring 
where lires have burned the timber. 
THE PINUS MURRAYANA ZONE. 
This species has a much wider range than the Pseudo- 
tsuga or the Pmus ponderosa. It ranges in altitude from 
4,500 feet to timber line. At lower altitudes it occurs in 
the flood plains of the streams. 
It reaches its maximum development beyond the Pseu- 
dotsuga zone. The following table shows the dominance 
of species: 
