IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
97 
Englemanri Spruce. The most abundant of all, however, 
was the Lodge Pole pine. In these open meadows there 
was an abundance of Agro'pyron dasystachyum, Linum 
lewisii, Eriogonum wmhellatmn, Poa ^ratensis and other 
Poas. Achillea millefolium, Antennaria and two species of 
blue-flowered Aster, and Gnaphalium sprengelii. On the 
wooded slopes along one of the branches of the Clear 
Water are flne forests and individual specimens of Abies 
suhalpina, here, too, are found flne specimens of Picea 
englemannii. 
Overhanging the brooks in moist places an abundance of 
several species of Asters, Erigerons,the Saxi frag a punctata,. 
Aconitum columhianum, Luzula spadicea, Aspidium lonchitis^ 
Asplenium septentrionale. 
Large, prominent, isolated rocks are more or less fre- 
quent in Idaho and Montana in the Bitter Root range. One 
of the most conspicuous of these is known as Castle Rock. 
The vegetation here is entirely xerophytic. Growing on 
the tops of these rocks there are a few scattered white 
pine, P. alhicaulis. One of the largest of these was 
twenty feet high, thirty inches in diameter, with an esti- 
mated age of about five hundred years. Juniperus communis 
was common over the entire mountain, and especially over 
the talus coming from the rocks. The rocks were covered 
with yellow lichens. These were so abundant as to be notice- 
able from a distance of one-half mile. The Woodsia oregana, 
' Pellcea breweri are abundant, also a small species of Erigeron, 
and Sibbaldia procumhens. Heuchera cylindrica, Ribes lacus- 
tre, Vaccinium myrtillus var. microphyllum, Rubus strigosus 
and R, nuihanus. Small plants of the Quaking Aspen {Popu- 
lus tremuloides) , Pyrus arbutifolia and Pyyms- sambucifolia 
were abundant w^here erosion and disintegration had 
broken up the rock. In small meadows below plants like 
Mimulus leivisii, Angelica lyallii, Archangelica gmelini, 
Cicuta occidentale, Veratrum californicum, Calamagrostis 
hyperborea and Bromus sp. were abundant. 
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