46 
Franz Sclirader 
in my random colleetion the number of males is always smaller than that 
of females, this disproportion is not as great as has generally been assumed. 
The comparatively short life of adult males and the difficulty of recog- 
nizing this sex in the earlier instars is no doubt responsible for some slightly 
erroneous conceptions on this point. 
Males which ah*eady show beginning stages of wing development are 
generally too old for any stages except late spermatids and matiire sperma- 
tozoa, so that the instar prior to this must be procured for the main phases 
of spermatogenesis. Even then a good many specimens will not show the 
desired stages. Maturation stages in the egg, on the other hand, are found 
m adult females, which will also contain eggs that have developed as far 
as the early gastrula stage. 
For fixation of the testes, Fleiduxg, Bouin (Aliens modification), 
and Sublimate acetic mixtmes were employed, both of the fonner two 
proving equally valuable, while the last named mixture was far inferior 
to either. Gilsons, Carno vs and Kahles fluids were used in the fixation 
of female material. 
The main features in the spermatogenesis were observed after all 
three of the fixing fluids employed. I would üke to emphasize that fact, 
and point out that if action of the fixatives is held responsible for some of 
the pictimes described, such action is remarkably regulär and constant in 
each of the thi’ee species. Observations were made on a large number of 
cells in nearly all cases, and mention is specifically made when a more 
limited number of observations serves as the basis for any Statement. 
The various stages in the spermatogenesis show no such beautiful 
seriation in their Orientation in the testes as is found in so many Orthoptera. 
Identification of species was made by Mr. Harold Morrison of the 
U. S, Bureau of Entomology, and I take this opportunity to express my 
Obligation to him. 
In all three species, ten chromosomes are found in the somatic cells 
of both sexes as well as in spermatogonial and oogonial cells. For various 
reasons it has been thought best to give a more detailed discussion of 
chromosomal conditions in those cells after the maturation phases have 
been taken up. 
Spermatocytes. 
The earliest phases of the growth period are characterized by the 
loose, lightly staining chromatin which is characteristic of tliis stage of 
the spermatocytes in most animals. However, a considerable portion of 
