PREPACE. 
ix 
have evidence of the existence of R. indicus in the pleistocene of India, ^ contem- 
poraneously with the extinct mammals. 
I cannot discover the history of the two molars under discussion : when I joined 
the Geological Survey, they, in company with other fossils, were in the Museum of 
the Survey and were labelled “ Nerhudda valley.” Both teeth are in a highly 
mineralised condition, and the earlier one (fig. 6), is embedded in a block of hard 
brown clayey sandstone, like many other Narbada specimens ; I have therefore no 
doubt as to their origin. 
An ultimate upper molar of R. indicus has been obtained by Mr. Eoote from 
the alluvium of Madras, showing, in conjunction with the Narbada specimens, that 
the former geographical range of the species must have been very extensive.^ 
A right humerus of a fossil rhinoceros from the Narbada, in the collection of 
the Indian Museum, differs considerably in form from the corresponding bone of 
R. indicus, and would, therefore, seem to indicate tlie former existence of a second 
Narbada species. If the species should eventually turn to be distinct, the name of 
R. namadicus might be appHed to it : the name is provisionally retained in the list 
of species of Rhinoceros given below, in order to mark the existence of a second 
Narbada species. 
SiwALiK Bhinocerotid^. — Since the publication of the second fasciculus of 
this volume, in which the teeth of the Indian fossil species of Rhinoceros were 
treated of, as far as my materials then went. Professor Brandff has published 
a synopsis of the living and fossil species of Rhinoceros, in which he has arrived at 
conclusions, which appear to me unaccountable, in regard to Falconer’s three species 
of Siwalik Rhinoceros. On page 39 of that memoir, R. sivalensis and R. palcein- 
dicus are considered as being specifically identical with R. indicus {unicornis ) ; 
no reasons, however, are given for this union of the three species, except a vague 
remark of the late Mr. Blyth, to the effect that there is a great resemblance in 
the form of the skulls of the three forms. Professor Brandt appears to have 
entirely overlooked the characters of the molars of the three species. The molars 
of R. mdicus are characterized by their complex structure, that is to say, they are 
furnished with a -‘combing-plate” and a “ crochet,” or, in other words, the second 
main internal column is connected with the outer wall of the tooth by a continuous 
ridge of enamel, and when the tooth becomes worn there are at least three islands, 
or f ossettes, on the crown : further, the external surface of the tooth runs nearly 
parallel to the long axis of the crown and is not produced into a buttress at the 
antero-external angle. The three fossettes on the worn crown are situated nearly 
‘ A single upper molar in the Indian Museum, collected by Mr. Hacket in the Narbada deposits, is indistinguish- 
able from the corresponding tooth of the living Cervus (Rucervus) duvaucellii, indicating the existence of another 
living mammal in the pleistocene. 
^ I regret that the execution of the figures of the Narbada specimens is so defective, not giving at all a fair idea 
of their form. 
3 Mem. de I’Acad. Imp. des. Sci. de St. Pet., Ser. VII. Vol. XXVI, No. 5. 
