EHINOCEllOS DECCANENSIS. 
17 
of revisiting tlie locality for a few hours, and besides collecting a variety of frag- 
ments, some belonging apparently to the individual I have described, and others 
to a smaller but very similar Ehinoceros, I also had the good fortune to find a 
great part of the skull and many vertebrse of a large bovine whose teeth are 
identical with those obtained in 1871. As in the case of the Ehinoceros these 
bones broke up a good deal during and after extraction, and I have not yet had 
an opportunity of restoring them and determining the species of the animal. 
The bovine remains were found in the bed of very dark brown clay underlying 
the black clay in which the Ehinoceros occurred, and intermediate between these 
two formations I found two thin beds of clayey grit containing numerous speci- 
mens of TJnio These shells have all been identified by 
my colleague, Mr. W. Theobald, as being of living species : the age of the formation 
they occur in, and of the overlying bed containing the Rhinoceros, may, therefore, 
be reasonably regarded as pleistocene. There is no record of the existence of 
Ehinocerotes so far south in the Peninsula of India, nor, as far as I could ascertain, 
does any tradition of their existence remain among the people. When the indi- 
vidual in question inhabited that region, the principal geological features were 
probably but little different from what they are now, but the general surface was 
doubtless covered with vast forests and morasses. Many featm’es of the present 
sm’face indicate that various lakes or jheels existed at intervals along the valley of 
the Gatparba Eiver, formed by the damming back of the waters by several rocky 
barriers, which have since been worn or broken through and the lakes consequently 
drained. 
The spot at which Rh. Becccmensis and the other bones were found lies 
well within the area of the uppermost of these supposed lakes, which was 
drained by the lowering of the rocky barrier, in this case of trap, which crossed 
the Gatpurba Valley at Tegree (Tegedi) some ten miles north-east of Gokak. The 
idea that this valley was occupied by a lake in former times had been arrived at 
quite independently by my friend Mr. A. C. Palles, c. e., from the data he 
obtained when carrying out a great series of levellings in connection with Govern- 
ment irrigation schemes in the Gatpurba Valley. 
The Ehinoceros lived no doubt among the swampy valleys at foot of the Gokak 
hills, and its remains were drifted into the lake after its death. 
E 
