2 
MOLAR TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
The next part of the series will contain figures and descriptions of the crania 
of a large number of new and undescribed Muminantia, while a third part will be 
devoted to the description of the remains of Carnivora, of which order several species 
were named, but only a few described by Dr. Ealconer ; at the end of this part I 
shall add a classified synopsis, with references, of all the extinct Indian Mammalia. 
Before proceeding to the description of specimens, a few facts may be noticed 
as to the distribution of some of the species of mammals treated of in this part. Of 
the genus Rhinoceros we have one new species, R. iravadicus, now for the first time 
described, which is confined to Burma, while R. 'platyrhimis, R. sivalensis, and 
R. imlceindicus are found throughout the typical Siwaliks to the east of the river 
Sutlej; to the west of the Sutlej, the new species R. planidens seems to replace 
R. platyrJiinus, as no remains of the latter species have been brought among a large 
series of specimens by Mr. Theobald from the latter area, and the former species was 
not known to Dr. Ealconer, whose specimens were chiefly obtained from the country 
to the east of the Sutlej : Acerotherium perimense had a larger range than any other 
mammal, extending from Perim Island along the Siwaliks to Burma. JDinotJierium 
has hitherto been only found in Perim Island, Each, Sind, and the Punjab. Tapiroid 
animals {Listriodon and Tapirus) have been found in Sind, the Punjab, Burma, 
and China (Owen) ; Amphicyon has hitherto occurred only in the Punjab district, 
in strata which are probably somewhat older than the typical Siwaliks, while 
Borcatlierimn is found along the whole of the Sub-Himalayan Siwaliks and in Sind. 
Ruminants of the genera Cervus and Antilope are much more common in the 
Tertiaries of the Punjab than elsewhere, while Elephants, and more especially 
Stegodon, are there much more rare than in the Siwaliks to the east. The remains 
of Eippopotamus are found very abundantly in the strata on the banks of the 
Markanda and Jhilam rivers ; far away from the present river-courses, the remains 
of this genus do not seem so common ; if this be more fully confirmed, it will lend 
support to Mr. Medlicott’s suggestion that the present river-com’ses existed in 
Siwalik times. 
It will perhaps be said by some that I have formed species on somewhat insuffi- 
cient material ; to this I must reply that I have been very careful never to name any 
species except on the evidence of characteristic molar teeth or of very characteris- 
tic and unmistakeable bones. From the condition of the fossils of the Siwaliks the 
occurrence of entire skulls of the larger species, except of the stout skulls of Elephants 
and Bovines, is extremely rare in comparison to the vast number of specimens 
discovered. 
In the case of the Cervidce, I cannot find instances of any crania having been 
found in India, either before or since Falconer’s time. We are therefore obliged to 
depend solely upon the characters of the molar teeth, of which we possess a very 
large collection in the Indian Museum, for specific determination- As there appears 
but little chance of ever obtaining a skull of this family from the Siwaliks, these teeth 
alone are important as giving us an idea of the numerous species of these Ruminants 
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