MOLAE TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
47 
Museum we have a very large collection of the molar teeth of the genus, and a 
few broken fragments of antlers, hut no crania ; from the characters of these upper 
molar teeth alone I have determined three species of Cerms from the Siwaliks, and 
I think, from the occurrence of some lower jaws which I cannot make to correspond 
with any of the above, that very probably one or more additional species existed. 
From the absence of crania and the fragmentary condition of the antlers, the 
molar teeth afiord the only grounds for the determination of the different species. 
The distinctions between these teeth may at first sight seem to be too slight and 
trivial for affording specific distinctions ; but we must recollect that the molars of 
all Ruminants are formed upon such a similar general plan that variations, which 
in the teeth of other orders would be considered of only specific value, in this order 
rank as generic distinctions. The slight variations which do distinguish the teeth 
of one species of living Cervus from those of another are always found to be 
constant, and therefore of high value in distinguishing between the different species. 
In writing of the molars of fossil species of European Deer, Professor Lartet 
remarks ( Compt. Rend. 1868, p. 1119) that the older forms have short-crowned 
(brachydont) molars with the depressions on the surface so shallow that the bot- 
tom is always visible ; while in the recent, pleistocene, and newer tertiary forms, 
the crowns of the molars are longer (hysodont) and the cavities so deep that the 
bottom can never be seen in any state of wear. The teeth of the Siwalik JDorca- 
therimn belong to the former division ; while those of the Siwalik C. latidens (infra) 
are intermediate between the two, the crown being moderately high and the bottom 
of the cavity visible when half worn : the teeth of the other two species of Siwalik 
Cervus belong to the second type. The teeth of the Siwalik Cervidce therefore 
indicate that the fauna of these beds is intermediate between that of the miocene 
and the upper tertiaries of Europe. 
From the fragments of antlers which we possess in the Indian Museum, I 
find that all the species of Siwalik and Narbudda Stags belong to the Rucervine 
division of the group. All the specimens described below were collected by Mr. 
Theobald, and the majority of them from the Siwaliks of the Pot war district : in this 
district it appears that Cervus was the most common genus of Mammals in Siwalik 
times, whereas in the Sutlej district it was comparatively rare ; Elephants seem to 
have been rare in the Potwar district, and abundant in the Sutlej district. 
CePvVUS latidens, n. sp. nobis. — Plate 8, figs. 7 and 10. 
The present species was the largest of the Siwalik Cervidce^ its teeth equalling 
in size those of the English Megaceros. The specimen drawn in figure 10 is the 
last upper molar of the right side ; it is complete and about one-third worn down : 
the form of the dorsum of these teeth differs somewhat from those of other species 
of Cervus i but for the present, at least, I retain them in that genus. 
( 65 ) 
