48 
MOLAE TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
The crown of the tooth is somewhat oblong in shape, with a produced postero- 
external angle. On the inner side the anterior barrel projects more inwardly than 
the posterior barrel. The central enamel folds are large and very deep, the 
posterior one has no infold from the hinder side ; they have just become insulated 
by wear. In the valley between the two barrels, there is a long and slender 
accessory column, the summit of which is slightly touched by wear ; it is quite 
distinct from the general dentine surface of the crown. 
The outer wall of the fore barrel is parallel to the long axis of the crown ; that of 
the hind barrel is set obliquely ; on the outer surface {Jig. 7) the hind lobe presents 
two conspicuous lateral costse, the posterior of which forms an angle beyond the 
posterior surface ; between these two there is a slight trace of a central costa ; the 
fore lobe shows two costse, one median, and one at the anterior border, the latter 
produced into an angle ; the costse on both lobes run perpendicularly to the base of 
the tooth ; the outer surface of the hind lobe becomes wider as it approaches the base 
of the tooth; the lobes on this surface have a general flat appearance. The 
dimensions of this specimen are — 
In. 
Length ... ... ... ... ... ... 1-33 
Width ... ... ... ... ... ... 1-0 
The peculiar flatness of the external surface, and the want of parallelism of 
the outer surfaces of the two lobes, together with the presence of the large ac- 
cessory column, distinguish this tooth from the molars of any living species of 
Cermis with which I am acquainted : the great production of the postero-external 
angle is also a very peculiar character of the specimen. In no living genera of 
CervidcB does the accessory column rise to such a height as in this and the succeed- 
ing species.*' This column is absent in Tarandus and Bama ; short and rudimentary 
in Megaceros^ Alces and Cervus ; slightly taller, but very thin, in Rusa, Rucervus 
and Ranolia ; and tallest and thickest of all in the Siwalik and Rhine Cervidce. 
The slight elevation of the costse on the dorsum, and general squareness of this 
surface, distinguish this tooth from those of the typical Stags. This flatness, together 
with the distinctness of the accessory column from the barrels, and the absence of any 
infold on the posterior side of the hinder enamel island, distinguish this tooth from 
those of the Oxen, and of Hemibos and Amphihos ; it is also distinguished by being 
shorter, and by rapidly narrowing from base to summit. In all the above genera 
the dentine surface of the column becomes united with the general dentine surface 
of the crown, whereas in Cervus it remains distinct. 
The large lower molar of a species of Cervus figured in plate 8, figs. 4 and 6, 
may, I think, have belonged to an individual of the same species as the above tooth, 
with which it corresponds in size. 
The tooth is from the right ramus of the mandible, and is probably the second 
true molar ; it is distinguished from the lower molars of any recent Stag by the 
* Cervus giganteus of the Rhine diluvium has a similarly large accessory column. 
( 66 ) 
