MOLAR TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
55 
no disc of pressure in front.” Dr. Ealconer might have added that the present tooth 
is at once distinguished from the second premolar by the outer ridge not being 
cleft by a transverse valley, and by the posterior tubercle being separated by a deep 
longitudinal valley from the outer ridge. 
The crown of the tooth is approximately square ; the tooth was inserted into 
the jaw by three fangs, two very large ones at the outer angles, and a smaller one 
placed on the inner border at the angle between the two former. The outer side of 
the crown is raised into a longitudinal ridge, rising vertically on the outer side, and 
sloping gradually on the inner side ; the ridge is slightly convex antero-posteriorly ; its 
enamel is rounded off on its summit, but is not cut through by wear. The inner 
side of the crown has two mammilloid tubercles, of which the anterior is the larger 
and higher ; the enamel of the latter is slightly cut through by wear ; the posterior 
tubercle is only rounded off ; a wide longitudinal valley, which is deepest at the 
posterior extremity, divides the two tubercles from the outer ridge ; the transverse 
valley between the tubercles is very narrow. The cingulum surrounds three sides 
of the crown ; it is entirely wanting on the outer side ; its margin is irregularly 
crenulated ; it is much the widest on the anterior side ; on the inner side it becomes 
very slight on the surfaces of the tubercles ; between the tubercles it forms a cleft 
ridge blocking the entrance to the transverse valley. 
The specimen is distinguished by its much smaller size from any of the 
European species; from the first premolar of D. giganteum and D. cuvieri, it is 
distinguished by the following points : the antero-posterior valley is very much 
deeper and wider in the Indian form, rendering thereby the inner tubercles more 
completely conical ; the posterior tubercle is mammilliform in the Indian form, 
whereas it is elongated transversely in the European form ; in the latter the 
cingulum forms a much more regular rim round the three sides of the crown ; there 
is a distinct ledge instead of a mere wavy line on the inner surfaces of the tubercles, 
and consequently the portion of the cingulum at the entrance to the transverse 
valley does not project in advance of the rest, as in the Indian form ; further, the 
centre of the outer ridge is slightly hollowed in the European form. 
The measurements of the first premolar of D. giganteum are compared below 
with those of the present specimen i— 
European. 
Indian. 
Antero-posterior diameter, outer edge 
3*4 
2-3 
Ditto ditto inner ditto 
2-75 
1-6 
Transverse diameter 
3-1 
2-1 
The second of the Attock specimens {jig. 2) is the first true molar of the right 
side of the upper jaw ; it probably belonged to the same individual as the last 
specimen ; its position in the upper molar series is determined by its possessing 
three transverse ridges, whereas the succeeding molars are simple, having only two 
ridges (a very rare condition in the teeth of mammalia) ; that the specimen belongs 
to the upper jaw is inferred by its having a cingulum or talon ridge at both ends, 
( 73 ) 
