56 
MOLAR TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
whereas the corresponding molar of the lower jaw has a talon-ridge at the posterior 
end only. 
The crown is oblong, hearing three nearly parallel transverse ridges ; the median 
ridge has been somewhat broken ; the two anterior ridges have been considerably 
worn, and show pyriform dentine surfaces; the large extremity of these surfaces is 
on the inner side ; the hindmost ridge is only slightly touched by wear ; the plane 
of wear slopes obliquely towards the anterior side of the tooth. All the three 
ridges are concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly ; they are raised into promi- 
nences at both inner and outer extremities. Along the whole of the anterior side of 
the tooth, there is a wide talon-ridge or cingulum, with a valley at its hinder 
border : on the posterior surface of the tooth there is a smaller crenulated cingulum, 
occupying the concavity of the hindmost ridge : on the inner border of the tooth 
there is a small tubercle at the entrance to the transverse valley between the first 
and second ridges ; a similar tubercle, when the tooth was perfect, probably occupied 
the corresponding space in the second valley ; there is no trace of any cingulum 
on the inner surfaces of the ridges. Except in its much smaller size, the form of 
the tooth is very similar to the first upper molar of D. giganteum ; the latter, how- 
ever, has a slight cingulum on its inner surface. Below the dimensions of the 
Indian and European specimens are compared : — ■ 
European. Indian. 
Antero-posterior diameter ... ... ... 4iT 375 
Transverse ditto first ridge... ... ... 3-3 3-4 
Ditto ditto last ditto... ... ... 3-65 3T 
Dr. Ealconer compared this specimen with the third milk molar of the European 
species ; from its being associated with a premolar, there can, however, he no doubt 
but that this specimen belongs to the permanent and not to the deciduous series ; 
and therefore that it should be compared with the large permanent first molar of the 
European series. 
The broken specimen {Jig. 4) is also the first upper molar of the right side ; it 
is from Kach, and is precisely similar to the Attock specimen ; the specimen shows 
the two hinder ridges and the tubercle of the first valley. 
The large tooth in the centre of the plate {Jig. 3) is also from Kach, and was 
collected by Mr. Eedden ; it is the second upper molar of the right side ; from its 
size I make no doubt but that it belonged to the same species as the preceding 
specimens. The tooth has four fangs ; the crown is nearly square and carries two 
transverse ridges convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly ; the anterior ridge has 
its enamel worn through at both extremities, the posterior ridge has the enamel only 
obliquely abraded by wear. The median transverse valley is partly blocked at its 
outer extremity by a low wall connecting the two ridges ; at its inner extremity it 
has a large tubercle, flat internally and convex externally ; at the anterior end of 
the tooth there is a wide cingulum or talon-ridge, raised into prominences at either 
( 74 ) 
