04 
MOLAR TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
molars, although, as in man, it is occasionally persistent ; the great developement of 
the premolars of Tetraconodon is, of course, a specialised character ; by an infolding 
of the cones of the molars, and by heightening of their crowns, the teeth of Tetra- 
conodon could be easily modified into the molars of Mippopotamus. 
Order: EDENTATA. 
Genus Manis (Pangolin, Gray.) 
The announcement of the addition of the remains of a species of Udentata to 
the Indian fossil fauna has been already made by me on a previous occasion 
JRec. Geol. Surv., Ind^^ vol. IX, p. 106) ; the specimen on which this determina- 
tion was made is now for the first time figured and described. The presence of a 
representative of this abnormally distributed order in the Tertiaries of India was 
only what might reasonably have been expected, and afi^ords another proof of the 
common origin of the Indian and Ethiopian fauna in tertiary times ; of the four 
modern Ethiopian genera, viz., Striithio, Hippopotamus, Camelopardalis and Manis, 
which lived in India during the tertiary period, the latter genus is the only one 
which has survived in that country down to the present day. The genus Manis 
{and Tangolin) is now confined to Africa and India ; it was represented in Europe 
during the older Pliocene period by one species {Pangolin gigantesque, Cuv., 
Macrotherium, Lartet), which was perhaps subgenerically distinct. Besides the one 
Indian specimen and the Em’opean species, no other fossil forms of the family 
are known. 
Manis Sindiensis, n. sp. nohis. PI. 8, figs. 11 to 14. 
The specimen on which the species is founded was collected last season by 
Mr. Eedden from the Manchhar (Siwalik) beds of Sind ; it is the second phalange 
of the third or middle digit of the manus, and is a very characteristic and unmis- 
takeahle bone : four views of the specimen are given in the accompanying plate. 
The superior surface of the bone {jig. 14) is ovate in form, and is divided by 
a strong median ridge, which expands at both its extremities, the lateral margins 
of the surface are also slightly raised, forming elliptical hollows on either side of 
the median ridge j from this we infer that the distal surface of the first phalange 
had a large, deeply grooved trochlea. The distal extremity of the bone forms a 
trochlea, which extends almost to the borders of the superior surface {jigs. 11 and 
13) ; the trochlea is divided into two prominent ridges by a very deep and rounded 
median groove ; the ridges are slightly oblique to the long axis of the bone, and 
on the posterior aspect converge slightly superiorly {jig. 13) ; the anterior and 
posterior extremities of the superior surface are raised into prominences, of which 
the anterior is much the higher {jig. 11) ; there is a slight depression on the 
anterior and posterior surfaces at the superior termination of the trochlea. The 
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