68 
MOLAR TEETH AND OTHER REMAINS OE MAMMALIA. 
It will, therefore, be seen that there is a transition from the complete semi- 
circular ridge, which occupies the centre of the crown of the tooth of A. major, to 
the single cone occupying the place of the middle of this arc in the tooth of 
A. palcBndicus. 
The present specimen, besides other characters, is at once distinguished from 
the other three European and the American species by its much larger size, from 
A. helveticas {see Pictet JBaleontologie Suisse vol. V, p. 135) it is further 
distinguished by the small size of the cingulum surrounding the blade. 
The lower molar belonged to a somewhat larger animal than the upper molar. 
The specimen comprises a portion of the right ramus of the mandible containing 
two teeth ; the first of these is the last of the milk-molar series ; the summit of the 
second lobe of the blade has been broken away ; the crown is considerably worn. 
The second and much larger tooth is the first of the permanent molar series, —the 
“carnassial” ; it is quite perfect; none of the casps have been touched by wear, and 
the jaw has been partly chisselled away to expose the base of the crown. 
Viewing the carnassial from the outer side {FI. 7, jig. 8) we may call the whole 
of the outer surface the blade of the tooth; this blade is separated into three 
portions, of which the middle one is the highest ; the anterior and posterior lobes 
are nearly of the same height, by which character the carnassial of Ampliinyon is 
distinguished from that of Canis, in which the third lobe of the blade is very low, 
and almost forms a part of the tubercular portion of the crown. A narrow vertical 
groove runs down the postero-external angle of the median lobe. The anterior and 
median lobes are separated only by a slight notch on their upper border ; a deep 
valley, extending down nearly to the base of the crown, separates the median from 
the third lobe. The anterior lobe presents a simple trenchant edge ; the median 
lobe is placed somewhat obliquely to the long axis of the crown, and has a narrow 
trihedral accessory-column at its postero-internal angle. 
The third lobe is a laterally-fiattened cone, with a fore-and-aft cutting edge ; 
at the base of its internal surface there is a narrow flat ledge which forms the only 
truly tubercular portion of the crown. The third lobe, the accessory-column of the 
median lobe, and the tubercle, enclose a hollow triangular space between their 
respective bases. 
The last molar of the deciduous series presents in miniature the form of the 
larger tooth ; it agrees precisely both in shape and size with the permanent car- 
nassial of the European A. dominans. 
The dimensions of the larger tooth of the Indian species (in the first column) 
are compared with those of the lower carnassial of the European A. major (in the 
second column) — 
In. 
In. 
Length of tooth 
... 1-32 
1-2 
Width at hinder extremity 
... 0-6 
0-5 
Height of central lobe 
... 0-9 
0-7 
( 86 ) 
