CRANIA OF RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TERTIARES. 
Bt r. lydekkeb, b.a. 
GEOEOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. 
[WITH PLATES XI— XXVIII.] 
Among a series of (chiefly) unpublished notes and plates,* intended for the com- 
pletion of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” the late Dr. Dalconer has indicated 
the existence of a large and varied Ruminant Dauna which inhabited India in 
tertiary times ; this fauna must have been at least equal in extent in the number of 
peculiar forms to the well-known Proboscidian Pauna of the same epoch. More or 
less complete remains of certain of these Ruminants, such as SivatTierium, Brama- 
thermm, Camehis, Camelopardalis, and the Bovina of the Nerhudda valley, have 
aReady been figured and partly described in the “ Palaeontological Memoirs ” 
and in the publications of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Pigures of the crania of 
several species of Bovina have been drawn or engraved among the unpublished plates 
of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis.” A notice of all the species of Indian Possil 
Ruminants known to Palconer will he found in the first volume of the “ Palaeonto- 
logical Memoirs.” 
In the present memoir I have given figures and descriptions of aU the Bovoid 
Ruminants at present contained in the collection of the Indian Museum, identifying 
as many of them as agree with such of Palconer’s species of which there is any 
figure or description extant : many, however, of Palconer’s species exist only on the 
authority of manuscript names without figures or descriptions : these species I have, 
of course, been obliged to completely reject. The total number of species of Bovoid 
Ruminants named by Dr. Palconer from the Siwahks was six, viz., Bison sivalensis. 
Bos occipitalis, Semibos triquetriceros, Ampliihos acuticornis, AmpJiibos elatus, and 
AmpJiibos antilopinus: figures of the crania of the third and fourth of these species 
are given in the unpublished plates of the ‘‘ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis ” {Blates G. 
and JA.), while measijrements of the crania are also given in the accompanying 
descriptions of the plates : of Semibos triquetriceros we have several crania in the 
Indian Museum ; and several also of Ampliibos acuticornis. Of the cranium of Bison 
sivalensis there is an outline figure in the drawings intended for the completion of 
' Of these plates, the Indian Museum has recently acquired photographic copies, which have been executed 
under the superintendence of the British Museum Authorities. 
