CEANIA OP EUMINANTS PEOM THE INDIAN TEETIARIES. 9—96 
a, 5, c) ; copies of two of these figures have been reproduced in the “ Palseontological 
Memoirs” of Dr. Palconer {Vol. I, JPl. XXII) ; short descriptions of other crania of 
this species are also given by Dr. Palconer in the Catalogue of the Manunahan fossils in 
the Collection of the Asiatic Society of Bengal; these descriptions have been likewise 
copied in the “Palaeontological Memoirs” {Vol. I,p. 286). 
In the accompanying plates I have given a figure of a very perfect cranium 
{PI. XI) of this species obtained from the Nerhudda valley, and now in the Indian 
Museum ; this specimen, though far more perfect, agrees exactly in all its characters 
with the specimen of the cranium figured in Plate G, fig. 2 a, h, c, of the unpuljlished 
plates of the “Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” and which I take as the type of the 
species; an occi23ital view of the same specimen is given in Plate XVI, fig. 1. The 
specimen of the frontlet and horn-cores of another sjiecies of ox of which a front 
view is given in Plate XII, fig. 2, and an occijDital view in Plate XVI, fig. 4, was 
obtained by Mr. Theobald from tlie Siwaliks ; this specimen, especially in the form of 
its occi 2 )ital region, seems at first sight to differ very widely from the NerlDudda 
species ; if, however, we refer to the second specimen figured in the “ Pauna Antiqua 
Sivalensis” {PI. G,fig. 1 a, b, c), and of which the front view is given in the Palaeon- 
tological Memoirs” {Vol. I, PI. XXII, fig. 4), while the occipital view is copied in 
the 2 )resent Memoir (P^. ATPr, ^^ 5 ^. 5), we shall find that that sjiecimen exhibits 
characters intermediate between the Siwalik and the type Nerhudda species, and 
forms, therefore, a connecting link between the two, though the form of the horn- 
cores in the two is a sufiicient specific distinction. 
I will first of all shortly describe the figured Nerhudda cranium, and then point 
out in what respects it differs from those of other species of oxen. The forehead is 
long and narrow, and equal in length to the face ; between the horn-cores it is 
almost flat, while at the level of the orbits it is slightly concave in the middle line ; 
the orbits are relatively of large size, their anterior borders are placed very slightly 
behind the plane of the f rentals, and are approximately parallel to the long axis of 
the cranium, the axis of the orbit consequently looking almost directly outwards . 
The supra-orbital foramina ]Dierce the frontals at right angles, inferiorly they are 
continued mto long and deej) sulci, which run nearly ]oarallel to each other, and 
extend downwards as far as the inferior border of the orbit ; the surface of the 
frontals is somewhat more elevated on the inner than on the outer side of these sulci, 
which are upwards of six inches in length. 
The maxElse run nearly parallel to each other for a length of about five inches 
and then contract somewhat suddenly in width, a well-marked tuberosity being 
placed at the point of contraction. The nasals are long and somewhat arched from 
side to side ; between these bones and the maxilla there occurs a long triangular 
vacant space ; the apex of the nasals extends upwards only as far as the lower border 
of the orbit ; a long interval separates the latter from the base of the horn-core. 
The ridge between the horn-cores has a large ovate tuberosity occupying its 
middle third ; in some specimens this tuberosity is less marked than in the figured 
