CRANIA OF RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 13—1^0 
which, it resembles also in circular section. Length 11 inches ; girth near base 
11| inches ; at small end of specimen 13 inches.” 
A portion of a cranium of Bos nmnadicus (No. 33) from near Jhansi Ghat on 
the Nerbndda is described by Dr. Falconer in the following words : “Mutilated 
cranium, presenting the occipital and sphenoidal region nearly entire, left occipital 
condyle and right mastoid (process) complete ; occipital and frontal surfaces perfect 
from superior margin of foramen magnum to the commencement of the nasals ; 
cores of both horns broken off, on the left side within the base of the pedicle of the 
core, and on the right side the fracture includes the base of the core, the margin 
of the frontal and orbit, all of which are removed. A portion of the upper border 
of left orbit remaining. The frontal plane longitudinally is slightly convex vith a 
shallow concavity upw^ards between the commencement of the horn-cores. The 
vertex projects posteriorly to a great extent so as to over-arch the plane of the 
occipital condyles 2| inches. Occipital region concave from above downwards ; 
in these two respects differing very notably from the skulls of the Gonr and Gayal. 
Judging from the section of the core on the left side, it was more or less cylindrical 
in form, in this respect also differing from those two species. 
“Length of specimen from vertex to broken margin in front 13 inches; 
height from posterior edge of body of sphenoid to vertex about 8| inches ; width 
of skull at base of occiput 9| inches ; height of occipital surface from inferior 
margin of foramen magnum to posterior border of vertex 7|- inches ; long diameter 
of occipital condyle 2| inches ; short ditto 1'6 inch ; width of frontal at constric- 
tion behind orbits 85- inches. 
“ Dr. Spilsbnry says that tliis cranium and the specimen No. 31 were found 
in the same place; they were marked Nos. 1 and 2. In conjunction with the huge 
horn-core No. 30, they would appear to afford conclusive evidence of a fossil species 
of Bos from the Nerbndda distinct both from Bos {Buhalus') palceindicus and the 
Gour and Gayal, or any other described existing form. From the complete synostosis 
of the two frontals, it is inferred that the animal was an aged adult, and the smaller 
size of the horn as compared with specimen No. 30 would seem to indicate that it 
was a female.” 
We will now compare the specimen figured in Plate G, figs. 1 and 1 a, of the 
“Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis” with the specimen figured in Plate XI of this 
memoir ; as before said, a copy of the frontal view of Falconer’s specimen is given 
in Plate XXII, fig. 4, of the “ Palseontological Memous,” and the occipital view 
is given in the plates accompanying the present memoir {Blate XVI, fig. 3). 
In the accompanying index to the plates. Dr. Falconer refers to the specimen 
in the following words : “ Fragment of cranium, showing forehead, occiput, occipi- 
tal condyles, and foramen magnum ; portion of right horn, and core of left horn. 
The specimen shows well the flat square forehead, the height being about equal 
to the breadth. The horns are attached to the extremities of the highest salient 
line of the head ; the horn-cores spread out horizontally, with a slight arch upwards 
