101—14 CRANIA OP RUMINANTS PROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 
and concavity below. The section of the horn-core is much more circular than in 
the Gour or Gayal.” 
The frontal view of this specimen is distinguished from that of the cranium 
figured in Plate XI by the intercornual ridge being perfectly straight, instead of 
being raised into a median prominence, and by the contraction between the orbit 
and the horn-core being deeper and shorter, the frontals being thereby more 
nearly square ; the horn-core seems to be shorter and with a sharper curve 
forwards. 
On the occipital aspect {Plate XVI, figs. 1 and 3) the two specimens present 
more striking differences ; in Palconer’s specimen the superior curved line extends 
upwards between the base of the horn-cores, and the indentations of the temporal 
fossae are consequently considerably below the summit of the curved line, instead of 
nearly on a level with it, as in our specimen ; the intercornual arch is also nearly 
straight in Palconer’s specimen and arched in ours ; finally, the vertex of Palconer’s 
specimen very slightly overhangs the plane of the occipital condyles, while it does 
so considerably in our specimen, though not to any great extent in the position in 
which the specimen is figured. I consider that the difference in the form of these 
two crania is chiefly due to age, the high and projecting intercornual ridge of the 
specimen in the Indian Museum being caused by a great development of the 
intertabular cancelli : the horn-cores, however, must originally have been placed 
somewhat higher in relation to the curved line of the occiput than in the British 
Museum specimen : as before said, the specimen figured in Plate G, fig. 2, of the 
“Pauna Anti qua Sivalensis,” agrees exactly in form with the specimen figured 
in Plate XI of the present memoir, so that the two varieties were classed together 
by Dr. Palconer. 
In addition to all the above-mentioned specimens, the Indian Museum also 
contains several crania of much smaller oxen from the Nerbudda valley, which, 
however, belonged to adult animals, and which have the same general characters as 
the larger crania of Pos namadicus from the same deposits ; these smaller crania, 
I think, belonged to female individuals of the above species, the skulls described 
above being those of males ; although there is a very great difference in the size 
of these skulls, yet I think the difference is very little, if at all greater, than occiu*s 
between the crania of male and female individuals of the existing Bibos banting. 
The measurements of the most perfect of these smaller crania are given below \ 
the proportion of the antero-posterior diameter of the forehead to the transverse 
will be found in the table given below ; from this it will be seen that the pro- 
portionate excess of the antero-posterior diameter over the transverse diameter is 
nearly the same as in the larger crania ; the following are the measurements 
W idth at superior border of orbits . . . . , . . . 5’8 
„ at constriction below orbits ........ 6'3 
„ at constriction above orbits . , . . . . . . 6'5 
Length from intercornual ridge to ape.x of uasaLs . . . . . . 9'5 
Antero-posterior diameter of left orbit 2'6 
