103—16 CEANIA OE EUMINANTS EROM THE INDIAN TEETIAEIES. 
The crania of the two species are characterised hj haying long and flattened 
frontals, which considerably exceed in length the facial portion of the skull ; in both 
crania the nasals are long and tapering ; they are, moreover, slightly arched, and 
are wider at their infra-orbital angles than elsewhere ; in both the horn-cores are 
approximately cylindrical, and extend far in front of the face, while the orbit is» 
separated by a long interval from the base of the horn-core ; the cranium of J^os 
namadicus is, however, somewhat narrower above the orbits than that of £os prlmi- 
genius, in consequence of being more deeply excavated laterally. In the figured 
specimen of the cranium of B. namadicus the intercornual space is arcuated, 
whereas it is straight in B. primigenius ; the horn-cores in the crania of both 
species are placed on the frontals in a very similar manner, but those of the Indian 
species are larger and longer, and their direction is more upwards ; moreover, tliey 
have no double curve, and their terminal curve is sharper than in Bos primigenius. 
The variety of Bos namadicus from the Nerbudda, in which the horn-cores have an 
ellipsoidal cross section, difiiers still more from Bos primigenius and approaches to 
Bibos. The nasals of B. primigenius articulate with the premaxillae, while those 
of B. namadicus do not. 
The occipital region of the specimen of Bos namadicus figured in Plate XI I 
have compared with the corresponding surface of a cranium of Bos primigenius 
in the Indian Museum, and have found very striking differences between the two. 
The occiput of Bos primigenius form of that of a typical species of the 
genus, being characterised by its general quadrangular outline and by the absence 
of any indentation of the lateral boundaries of tliis surface by the extremities of 
the temporal fossae ; the occipital crest or superior curved line is flattened at its 
summit, and its lateral borders are approximately straight ; marked angles are 
consequently formed at the junction of the lateral and superior borders of the 
infra-cristal portion ; there is a large shield-like protuberance for the insertion of 
the ligamentum nuchse, and the summit of the occipital crest reaches upwards as 
far as the middle of the bases of the horn-cores; between the occipital crest and 
the base of the horn-core there is a smooth hollow surface. The paroccipital 
proeesses are large, angular, and prominent, and there is a wide space on their outer 
surfaces for the attachment of the digastric muscles ; the mterval between the 
external angles of the occipital condyles is equal to half the interval between the 
posterior extremities of the temporal fossae, is much less than the interval between 
the inferior border of the foramen magnum and the summit of the occipital crest, 
and is less than half the width of the oeciput measured through the foramen 
magnum ; finally, the supra-cristal portion of the oeciput does not overhang the 
infra-cristal portion, and the plane of the occiput consequently is nearly straight, 
or slightly convex. 
In the eranium of Bos namadicus, on the other hand, we find the occipital 
surface (Plate XVI, fig. 1) indented laterally by the extremities of the temporal 
fossse, and the quadrangular outline of the occiput consequently lost ; the oceipital 
