107—20 CRANIA OE RUMINANTS EROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 
which occur in the Indian genus Bibos also occur in two Asiatic species of the 
genus Bos and in no others. 
The nasals of Bos namadicus are widest at the angle immediately helow the 
orbit, while below this angle they diminish in width regularly to their distal ex- 
tremity ; in Bibos, on the other hand, and in most species of Bubalus, the infra-orbital 
angle of the nasals is not their widest part; in Bibos gaurus the nasals at first slightly 
contract below this angle, and then spread out again to a greater width than at any 
other part : in Bibos frontalis the extremely short nasals preserve an almost uniform 
width throughout their lecgth. The figured cranium of Bos namadicus also agrees 
with that of Bibos gaurus in having an arcuated intercornual space, but this 
character is not universal in the former species. 
In the Collection of the Indian Museum we have a large series of limb-bones 
of oxen from the Nerbudda valley, but it is generally impossible to say whether 
they belong to Bos namadicus or to Bubalus 'palccindicus : the only bones I will 
mention here are some specimens of the metacarpals and metatarsals, which from 
their resemblance to the bones of Bos primigenkis may, I think, have belonged to 
the Nerbudda ox. The metacarpal is strong and stout ; on the anterior surface there 
is a slight, though distinct, groove for the extensor tendons, which does not, however, 
extend far above the nutrient foramen ; the middle of the anterior aspect presents 
a smoothly rounded surface, without any distinct ridges ; the posterior surface is 
quite fiat, with no median hollow for the flexor tendons ; the articular surface for 
the unciform is of very small size, the division between this surface and that for the 
trapezo-magnum being placed on the outer side of the median line. The dimen- 
sions of the specimen are — 
Extreme length ........... 9'5 
Transverse diameter of carpal surface . . . . . . . .26 
Antero-posterior diameter of surface for trapezo-magnum . . . . .16 
Transverse diameter of two trochlese 2'8 
Cii'cumference of shaft at middle ........ 5'0 
The s]iecimen exactly agrees in length with the metacarpal of a large male 
Gour in the Indian Museum ; the metacarpal of the latter species is, however, more 
slender, and has a well-marked extensor groove throughout its length. The bone 
is half an inch shorter than the metacarpal of Bos primigenius described by Profes- 
sor Owen in his “British Eossil Mammals and Birds,” and is 1’3 inches less in cir- 
cumference, indicating that the Nerbudda ox was of slighter build than the 
English Pleistocene ox : in fact, intermediate in this character between the latter 
and the Indian Gour. 
The metatarsal which I refer to this sjiecies is characterised by presenting a 
nearly square cross section at its centre : at its proximal extremity it becomes 
slightly expanded in an antero-posterior direction, while at the distal extremity the 
transverse diameter becomes considerably the longer of the two. On the anterior 
surface there is a wide and deep groove for the extensor tendons. The trochlem are 
