CRANIA OR RUMINANTS PROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 25—112 
the bases of the horn-cores ; in both, the general outline of the occiput is approxi- 
mately quadrangular, while the indentations of the temporal fossse on to the latter 
surface are of very small extent in the Siwalik species, and are almost entirely 
wanting in the European species. The occipital surfaces of the two forms are, 
however, broadly distinguished by the greater relative length of the transverse 
diameter in Bos primigenius. The summit of the occipital crest in the Indian 
cranium is not flattened to the same extent as in the European cranium, and is 
separated by only a small interval from the intercornual ridge. The foreheads of 
the two species have nearly the same general proportions, hut that of the Indian 
species is distinguished by being slightly convex. We are unable to tell whether 
the relations of the premaxillse to the nasals in Bos planifrons are similar to those 
which occur in Bos primigenius or to those which occur in Bos namadicus and 
Bibos. 
The horn-cores of the Siwalik species present an elliptical cross section, and 
thereby differ very markedly from the European species, in which the horn-cores 
are cylindrical ; in the same degree they approach the horn-cores of the flat-horned 
variety of Bos namadicus and Bibos. 
The proportions of the frontals in Bos planifrons, the general form of the 
occiput, and the small size of the indentations of the temporal fossse on that surface, 
show that tins species was nearer to the true Taurine Oxen than any other living or 
fossil species of Indian Ox. As I have before said, however, the occiput of 
Dr. Falconer’s so often quoted variety of Bos namadicus is intermediate in form 
between the occiput of the typical variety and that of Bos 'planifrons : this, 
together with the fact that the occurrence of flattened horns is a character common 
to Bos planifrons and to some varieties of Bos namadicus, and from a certain 
general resemblance in the form of the crania of the two species, induces me to 
think that the latter may very possibly he the direct descendant of the former. 
Bos ACUTIFRONS, u. sp. nobis. Plate 12, fig. 1 ; Plate 13 ; and Plate 16, fig. 2. 
The cranium of this magnificent species has been already shortly noticed and 
named by me in the tenth volume of the “ Records of the Geological Survey of 
India.” The cranium in question was discovered in 1874 by Mr. Theobald in the 
Siwaliks of the Punjab. 
In the accompanying plates I have given two views of the frontal aspect of this 
cranium, one on a larger scale showing the frontlet and a portion only of the horn- 
cores, and the other the whole of the specimen on a much smaller scale. On Plate 
16, figure 2, I have also given an occipital view of the same specimen. When 
brought to the Indian Museum the horn-cores were broken into numerous fragments, 
and the specimen was coated with the tightly-adhering grey Siwalik sandstone. The 
matrix has now been cleared away, and the specimen mounted as shown in the 
