CRANIA OE RUMINANTS EROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 27—114 
this form the superior border of the hom-eore is produced into a distinct and sharp 
ridge ; several deep grooves, to receive ridges on the inner surface of the horn, run 
parallel to the superior ridge. The second half of the horn-core {JPl. 12, jig. 1, a) 
is nearly cylindrical ; throughout its length the inferior surface is rounded and smooth ; 
. there is a slight “burr” at the junction of the horn-cores with the f rentals. The 
direction of the long horn-cores is at first upwards, outwards, and backwards ; towards 
the middle of their course their direction becomes backwards and downwards, while 
towards their extremities it becomes forwards and downwards ; they never extend far 
in advance of the plane of the frontal-ridge ; throughout their length their upper 
border is convex, while their lower border is concave. 
The anterior surface of the base of the horn-core is continued outwards and 
backwards as an extension of the surface of the frontal of the same side, both 
having the same slope ; in consequence of this the central point of the upper half 
of the f rentals is the most prominent point of the whole cranium. 
A long interval separates the orbit from the base of the horn-core of the same 
side ; between these two points the cranium is considerably contracted in width ; 
the orbits themselves are laterally salient, and quite circular; their' anterior 
border is parallel with the long axis of the cranium, as seen on the right side of tlie 
figure ; the direction of their axis seems to be directly outwards. 
Turning to the view of the occipital surface {FI. 16, jig. 2) we find this 
portion of the skull very dilferent from that of any other Bovine ; which difference 
might be taken as a reason for placing the species under a new sub-genus. The 
occipital crest or superior curved line forms a very high narrow arch, which 
extends upwards to within a short distance of the vertex cranii, so that the supra- 
cristal portion of the occipital region is reduced to a very narrow band ; this supra- 
cristal portion is not carried upwards directly in the plane of the supra-cristal portion, 
but is rounded off in front to join the f rentals. A smooth, slightly concave surface, 
separates the lateral boundaries of the occipital crest from the bases of the horn- 
cores ; the occipital crest overhangs the true occipital surface to an extent of nearly 
an inch. The whole of the occipital surface below the crest forms a rude triangle 
with curvilinear boundaries. On the occipital surface the temporal fossae form 
narrow triangular slits beneath the horn-cores : these slits are directed upwards 
and inwards, and are situated far below the summit of the occipital crest. The 
bases of the occipital Qondyles, the condyles themselves being broken away, are seen 
at the lower part of the figure : the upper part of the foramen magnum has also been 
broken away, and therefore the foramen appears to be placed higher on the occiput 
than it naturally should be. The paroccipital processes are large and recurved ; 
the space for the attachment of the digastric muscle, external to the paroccipital, is 
narrow and long. 
Turning to the table of frontal measurements on the following page, we find that 
the antero-posterior diameter of the forehead exceeds the transverse by a considerable 
length. The plane of the occiput forms an acute angle with that of the centre 
