CRANIA OR RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 35—122 
vertical lieigEt from the palate to the frontals would have been much less than is the 
case in Bos platyrhinus, probably not much greater than in Bibos gaurus : a side 
view of those crania would, I imagine, he somewhat like that of Bos namadicus. 
It is much to he regretted that the upper portion of this skuU was not obtained, 
(the fracture is quite recent) that we might have been enabled to compare the 
characteristic upper part with those of the other species. I think the above com- 
parisons, however, quite sufficient to establish the distinctness of the species, though 
I am not qnite certain whether, when the occiput and horn-cores are found, we may 
not have to place the species under the genus Bubalus as an intermediate form 
between that genus and Bos. The form of the nasals is distinctly Bubaline, while 
their point of insertion and the inter-orbital region is like that of Bos. From the 
prominence of their inferior borders, the orbits probably looked almost directly out- 
wards, as in Bos. 
Genus: BISON. 
The genus Bison may be defined from the characters of the cranium as 
follows : — 
“ Skull less massive than in Bos or Bibos, facial portion longer and more finely 
tapering; superior portion of forehead transversely arched; intercornual space 
centrally elevated ; viewed anteriorly, this portion is a truncated cone ; posterior 
aspect of skull triangular — more extensive than in Bos, but greatly less so than in 
Bibos.'' — Hodgson. 
To this it may be added that the transverse diameter of the forehead of 
Bison exceeds the antero-posterior diameter; that the horn-cores are sub-cylindrical, 
and that their upper border is concave. 
Bison Sivalensis, Falconer, sp. Pis. 15 and 17, fig. 1. 
The single cranium, which, as stated in the introduction, I have referred to 
this species, is another specimen from among Mr. Theobald’s numerous Siwalik 
collection. The greater part of the upper half of the specimen is fairly complete 
and perfect, although in several places the brain-case has been subjected to severe 
crushing. The left horn-core is broken off close to the forehead, while little more 
than half of the right one remains. The whole of the lower extremity of the face 
is broken away at a short distance below the orbits ; both the temporal fossae and 
the orbits are almost uninjured ; it was, however, found to be impossible to com- 
pletely clear the former from the hard matrix with which they are filled ; the 
greater portion of the occipital region is complete, the hinder half of the palate, 
together with the last molars, have been cleared from matrix, but the occipito- 
sphenoidal region and the fore part of the palate is still buried in closely adhering 
sandstone. 
