CRAKIA OP EUMINANTS PEOM THE INDIAN TEETIAEIES. 41—128 
The frontals are of great size and width, particularly between the inferior 
angles of the horn-cores ; as seen from the table of cranial measurements given on 
page 66, the transverse diameter of the forehead exceeds the antero-posterior diameter 
by rather more than one inch. The plane of the frontals is nearly flat; the 
median frontal suture forms a slightly elevated ridge, while a longitudinal hollow 
runs along its either side. The upper border of the orbit is salient, while a well- 
marked ridge is continued upwards from the orbit to the antero-inf erior angle of the 
base of the horn-core. The lateral contraction of the frontals above the orbits is 
well marked ; the latter are closely approximated to the horn-cores. Between the 
orbits and the nasals, the fronto-maxillary bones are concave from above down- 
wards, and there is no trace of any ridge leading from the nasals to the orbit. The 
anterior border of the orbit is placed obliquely to the long axis of the cranium, so 
that the axis of the orbit is directed downwards as well as outwards. The supra- 
orbital foramina are large, and the sinuses below them are deep and converge as they 
descend ; the foramina themselves are directed obliquely upwards, their superior 
border overhanging them and being produced into a conical bony projection; this 
overhanging projection and the direction and situation of tlie foramina are precisely 
the same as in Bubaliis; in Bos and Bihos, on the other hand, the supra-orbital fora- 
mina are situated some distance below the upper extremities of the sulci, and arc 
directed inwards, at right angles, to the plane of the frontals ; consequently the fora- 
mina are not overhung by any bony roofs. Since the sulci do not extend above the 
foramina, they are necessarily very short, being only two and a quarter inches in 
length; they do not extend below the orbits; the supra-orbital sulci of Biibalus arni 
are of precisely the same form and length as those of the present specimen, and 
agree very closely. 
The nasals extend very high up on the forehead, reaching to a point al)Ove the 
level of the centre of the orbits ; at their apex the nasals form an acute angle, 
and they are wider at their infra-orbital angle than at any other point, diminish- 
ing in width rapidly below this angle. The frontals are rounded off superiorly, 
to join the occipital surface, so that the plane of the supra-cristal portion of the 
occiput forms an obtuse angle with the plane of the forehead. Erom the great 
width of the forehead, and its comparative shortness, and from the upward exten- 
sion of the nasals, it is probable that the length of the facial portion of the skull 
exceeded that of the frontal. The lower portion of the nasals is much arched 
and vaulted, the lateral surfaces of the maxillaB sloping outwards rapidly from the 
median line. 
The temporal fossae are long and narrow ; their inner walls do not slope 
inwardly posteriorly ; what remains of the posterior border of the orbit, shows it to 
have been unusually wide and strong. 
The occipital surface is divided by the large occipital crest or superior curved 
line into two semi-distinct portions ; the smooth supra-cristal portion, and the rough 
infra-cristal portion for muscular attachments ; the supra-cristal portion of the 
