CRANIA OP RUMINANTS PROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 49—136 
extremity ; the tuberosity for the nuchal ligament is strongly marked, and superiorly 
confluent rrith the supra-cristal portion of the occipital surface ; inferiorly it is pro- 
duced into a strong vertical ridge, affording attachment to the septum between the 
occipital muscles. The occipital condyles are less obliquely placed, and their 
external angles somewhat less sharp in the recent than in the fossil species. 
The basi-occipital of B. palceindicus is distinguished from that of B. arni 
by its much greater relative width : 4’1 inches in place of 2 ’9 inches across the 
posterior muscular tuberosities ; these tuberosities are also nearly double the size of 
those of the Arni. 
The pattern of the crown of the molars of the two species is very similars 
though the teeth can be distinguished. The enamel islands in the fossil species are 
unusually large, and their free surface much corrugated and rugose : on the internal 
side the median accesory tubercle is of very large size. The ultimate molar is 
nearly half an inch longer than the corresponding tooth of the Arni ; this extension 
in length is chiefly caused by the great development of the postero-external angle, 
which almost forms a separate third lobe, being divided from the main body of the 
tooth by an infolding of enamel from either side ; the infold of enamel on the 
posterior side of the second enamel island, in all the molars, is much deeper in the 
fossil species, and consequently remains on the worn crown for a much longer period 
than in the recent species. Below, the measurements of the figured specimen are 
compared with those of a cranium of .an adult male Arni : — 
J5. palwindieas. B. arni- 
Interval between foramen magnum and occipital crest . 
4-2 
3-7 
„ „ occipital crest and vertex cranii 
4-5 
4-4 
Width at superior border of orbits .... 
ire 
10-0 
„ at constriction above orbits .... 
110 
9-4 
„ „ below „ .... 
8-4 
6-5 
From occipital crest to tip of nasals {B. 'palceindicus, broken) . 
200 
21-0 
Width of occipital through petrosals .... 
10-0 
8-5 
Height from surface of palate to frontals 
7-8 
6-6 
Length from foramen magnum to last premolar 
14-5 
11-8 
Interval between external angles of occipital condyles . 
6-2 
5T 
„ „ occipital crest and base of horn-core . 
2-9 
2-2 
Length of temporal fossa ..... 
7-5 
70 
„ of intercornual ridge ..... 
7-3 
60 
Height from palate to broken extremity of nasals 
6-0 
50 
Interval between base of horn-core and orbit 
2-5 
2-4 
Antero-posterior diameter of left orbit 
3-0 
2-8 
Transverse „ „ .... 
2-6 
2-5 
Length of five molars . . 
6-3 
5-8 
Width of palate at second molars .... 
4-1 
4-0 
Interval between outer surfaces of ditto 
6-4 
5-9 
„ „ supra-orbital foramina 
G-5 
5-3 
„ „ occipital crest and line connecting mid-orbits 
120 
10-0 
Length of outer surface of second molar 
1-6 
1*3 
Transverse diameter of „ .... 
1-2 
1-0 
Length of outer surface of ultimate molar 
1-8 
1-4 
Interval between extremities of paroccipital processes 
6-1 
5*0 
