CRANIA OR RUMINANTS RROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 53—140 
This specimen agrees with the Nerbuclda crania in having narrow and arched 
nasals, witli the highly vaulted nasal cavity ; the anterior border of the orbit, though 
fractured in our specimens, seems also to have been produced in a similar manner ; 
the occipital surface agrees precisely in form with the Nerbudda specimens. The 
proximal extremity of the nasals extends upwards on the face as far as the centre of 
the orbits ; the fronto-nasal suture is distinct, and terminates in a simple unbroken 
angle, there being no process of the f rentals descending between the two apices 
of the nasals as in the Arni ; the palate is produced still further back than in 
the Nerbudda specimens, and therefore differs still more Avidely from that of the 
Arni : the portion of the horn-core Avhich remains is directed outwards as in the 
Nerbudda specimens. The dimensions of the specimen are as follows : — 
Interval between occipital crest and foramen magnum . 
Inches. 
34 
„ „ and vertex 
4-4 
Width at constriction above orbits 
9-J 
„ below „ . . . 
7-6 
Length from occipital crest to tip of nasals (broken) . 
17-0 
AVidth of occiput through petrosals 
8'8 
Height from palate to frontals 
6-2 
Interval between foramen magnum and last premolar . 
13-0 
„ „ external angles of condyles . 
5'3 
Length of intercornual ridge 
6-0 
Interval between orbit and horn-core . 
1-8 
Antero-posterior diameter of orbit 
2-4 
Length of three molai-s .... 
4-2 
AVidth of palate at second molars 
3-4 
Interval between outer surfaces of second molars 
5-8 
„ „ supra-orbital foramina 
3-6 
AVidth of occiput betweeir hom-cores 
4-4 
Antero-posterior diameter of base of horn-core 
6*4 
Transverse „ „ » 
30 
The second Siwalik specimen, though of somcAvliat smaller size, agrees in form 
with the described specimen. 
I have elsewhere stated^ that another species of buffalo, Buhalus antiques, 
has been described by Professor Gervais^ from newer Tertiary strata in Algeria, 
Avhich in the form of its occiput, of its horn-cores, and of its frontals, approaches 
much more closely to the Indian than to any of the African buffaloes ; it has, how- 
ever, certain points of affinity to the African B. hrachyceros ; the existence of this 
species is important, as shoAving a former intermingling of the Mammalian Tertiary 
Eaunas of India and Africa. 
In the valleys of the Godavari and Nerbudda, Bubahis iJalceindimis was un- 
doubtedly a contemporary of man, since stone implements have been found in 
the ossiferous beds of localities from wliich the remains of the extinct buffalo 
are obtained. 
Eec. Geol. Surv, India, Vol. IX, p. 99. 
^ Zoologie et Paleontologie Generales : prem. ser. pi. XIX. 
