CRANIA OF RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 57—144 
sharply on itself ; the anterior tubercles are small ; the interval between the posterior 
tubercles is not greater than that between the anterior pair. The posterior tubercles 
are the larger of the two, and the basi-occipital is triangular as in the oxen, but 
the tubercles are larger and with a more distinct median groove, as in the antelopes. 
The palate is long and narrow, and but sKglitly arched ; the palatines are 
produced backwards for a distance of one and a quarter inches behind the last 
molar, before their division. The molar series is much curved from before back- 
wards ; in front of the premolars the maxiUse are deeply grooved longitudinally. 
The molars are characterised l3y a very large accessory tubercle on the iimer side ; 
by the enamel islands being elongated posteriorly, and by the island of the posterior 
lobe being deeply indented from the same side by an enamel fold ; the costm on the 
dorsa of the teeth are slight, and the whole covered with a very thick coating of 
cement. The length of the last molar is I'G inches and its width 1 inch. 
The maxillo-palatine suture is placed entirely in advance of the posterior 
palatine foramina ; on the outer side it commences at the level of the penultimate 
molars, and passes inwards and forwards, so that in the median Ime of the palate 
it is on a level with the interval between the first and second molars. The posterior 
free border of the palatines is entire, and not bisected by the vomer. 
A fragment of the proximal extremity of the premaxilla of the right side is 
seen occupying the angle between the maxillae and the nasals, showdng that this 
bone was of the long type, as in typical species of Bos and in Buhalus. 
The present cranium is distinguished from the crania of all species of Bos and 
Bibos by having the horn-cores placed on a ridge, which is situated below the plane 
of the occipital surface, instead of directly over it ; by the peculiar form of the 
cross-section of the horn-cores ; and by the plane of the occiput being entirely dis- 
tinct from the plane of the parietals ; from the former of the above genera tlie 
present cranium is further distinguished by the transverse diameter of the forehead 
being longer than the antero-posterior diameter, and by the facial portion being 
consequently longer than the frontal portion; from the latter genus it is also 
distinguished by the convexity of the upper border of the horn-cores. 
From the genus Buhalus this cranium is distinguished by the frontals being 
slightly concave instead of convex, by the superior border of the horn-cores being 
convex instead of concave, and by the form of the nasals and of the occipital 
surface. 
The cranium agrees with the crania of the genus Bison in having the horn-cores 
placed below the plane of the occiput ; it is, however, distinguished from the crania 
,of that genus by the approximation of the horn-cores at their base, by their pyriform 
cross section, by the fact of no portion of the occipital crest being visible in a front 
view of the skull, and by the convexity of the upper border of the horn-cores. 
It is quite clear, therefore, that this species cannot be included in any of the 
above genera : the only species with which it seems to have any affinity is Bos 
acutifrons, the horn-cores of the two having a pyriform cross section. 
