153—66 CRANIA OR RUMINANTS PROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 
the frontals below the bases of the horn-cores ; this gives a somewhat convex profile 
to the frontals, the horn-cores, and the lower part of the frontals, sloping away 
on either side from the infra-cornual protuberance ; in the figured specimen the 
profile is nearly straight. 
Both this species and Semibos triquetriceros are probably to he regarded as 
links between the true oxen and the Bovoid antelopes like Fortax, Oreas, etc. ; 
the latter group is, however, among other characters distinguished from the oxen by 
the absence of the accessory column in the molar teeth which the Siwalik genera 
possess ; this group of animals is confined to India and Africa, only one species, 
however, Fortax picta, now remaining in the former continent; in the Indian 
Tertiaries, besides the antelopoid oxen above described, there existed a true antelope, 
A . palaindica, which also presented some points of affinity to the African Bovoid 
antelopes ; the above facts all tend to confirm the former common origin of the 
Etliiopian and Indian faunas ; the more the Tertiary fauna of India is explored, 
the more forms do we find to he common to or to represent one another in the 
faunas of the two continents. 
Table of Ti^ontal Measurements of the Bovidce. 
The subjoined table shows the relative proportions of the antero-posterior and 
transverse diameters of the frontals of the crania of aU the recent and fossil Indian 
bovoid animals. The transverse diameter is taken across the widest part of the 
cranium between the orbits, and the antero-posterior diameter is the interval 
between a transverse line connecting the centres of the orbits and the intercornual 
ridge. The corresponding diameters of the cranium of the European Bos primi- 
genius are prefixed for comparison : — 
Ant.-post. 
Excess of 
Excess of 
diam. 
trans. diam. 
ant.-post. diam. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Hos primigenius ...... 
9-4 
10-5 
0-9 
Bos namadicus J . 
9-5 
110 
lo 
Bos namadicus $ . 
7-5 
8-4 
0-9 
Bos acutifrons ...... 
10-7 
11-4 
0-7 
Bos planifrons ...... 
9-3 
100 
0-7 
Bibos frontalis ...... 
110 
9-5 
i-s 
... 
Bibos gaums ...... 
100 
8-5 
1-5 
Bison {Poephagus) gmnniens .... 
100 
6-5 
3-5 
Bison sivalensis ...... 
9-3 
5-8 
3-5 
Bubalus platyceros ...... 
9-2 
8-0 
12 
Bubalus arni ...... 
8-5 
7-5 
10 
Bubalus palccindieus ..... 
111 
9-9 
1-2 
Semibos triquetriceros 
80 
3-5 
4'5 
Peribos occipitalis ...... 
7-9 
5-0 
2-4 
Amphibos acuticornis ..... 
6-4 
4-4 
2-0 
The measurements of the crania of the living species in the above table are 
taken from Mr. Hodgson’s paper on the Genera of the Indian oxen in the J oumal 
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Vol. X, p. 453). 
