CRANIA OF RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 77—164 
certain distinctive characters of their own. The specimen figured {Plate .27, Jig. 4) 
is the ultimate upper molar of the left side ; I have also figm^ed for comparison 
the penultimate left upper molar of Swatlierkim giganteum {Jig. 3); both specimens 
are of the natural size ; figures of the left upper molars of Bramatherium perimense 
will be found in the “ Palaeontological Memoirs ” ( Vol. I, plate XXXIII). 
The upper molar teeth of Hydaspitlierium have no waving or crenulation of the 
enamel in the central crescent of the crown, by which negative character they 
are at once distinguished from the molars of Sivatherium : the central infolds of 
enamel in Kydaspitherium are remarkable for them great size and for the depth 
of the central portion, so that even in the present much worn state of the specimen, 
the two infolds are still connected by a deep channel, and they would not become 
completely insulated until the tooth were worn dovm almost to its base ; in Fal- 
coner’s figures of the upper molars of Bramatherium, which are in about the same 
state of wear as the present specimens, the central enamel folds are completely 
insulated. The posterior enamel fold is produced into a peculiar projection at its 
postero-internal angle ; the antero-external angle of the inner half of the hind barrel 
is produced into the central hollow of the fore barrel ; the fore barrel is the larger 
of the two ; the outer sm*faces are placed very obliquely to the antero-posterior 
axis of the crown, the anterior costse on the dorsa of the barrels forming the most 
prominent points on the outer border of the crown; the median costse are very slight, 
which is another point of difference between these teeth and those of Sivatherium. 
In the inner valley dividing the two barrels there is a very small tubercle attached 
to the hinder barrel only : a similar tubercle occurs in the molars of Bramatherium, 
but not in those of Sivatherium: on the anterior surface of the tooth there is a 
slight hut well marked cingulum : a similarly placed cingulum occurs in the molars 
of Swatherium, hut not in those of Bramatherium. The teeth of Bramatherium 
are rather larger than those of the present genus, while those of Sivatherium are 
much larger than either. The molars of Kydaspitherium in general form are 
very like those of Kelladotherium from the upper miocene of Attica, hut are dis- 
tinguished by the presence of the small accessory tubercle in the median internal 
valley. 
The following table gives the measurements of the specimen : the measure- 
ments of the crania of Sivatherium, Bramatherium and Camelopardalis will be 
found in the above-quoted paper of Mr. Bettington : — 
Length frona foramen magnum to diastema 
„ „ „ fractured muzzle 
„ „ „ last molar 
Length from fractured extremity of nasals to highest point of 
„ „ inferior border of orbit to first premolar 
„ „ superior „ „ 
Width at anterior border of orbit 
„ posterior „ „ 
„ constriction above orbits 
occipital crest 
Inches. 
. 16-60 
. 17-80 
. 9-35 
. 18-00 
. 6-20 
. 10-20 
. 10-50 
. 12-40 
. 8-10 
