CEANIA OF RUMINANTS FROM THE INDIAN TEETIAEIES. 81—168 
ship to Camelopardalis, with which the other genera show very strong points of 
affinity. The molar teeth of all the fossil genera agree with those of Camelopard- 
alis in general form and in the rugose character of the enamel ; in all the genera the 
orbit is situated far below the plane of the frontals, which is a feature peculiar to the 
group ; in all there is a vacuity between the lachrymal and the nasals, and there is 
no suborbital fossa on the lachrymal : in all the tympanic is compressed and non- 
bullate ; while the tympanies of, I believe, all the antelopes are furnished with a 
large buUa. In all the four genera the basi-occipital has the same general form, 
and the posterior tubercles are similar ; the anterior tubercles are, however, large 
in Hydaspitliermm, whereas in Camelopardalis they are nearly obsolete ; this 
large size of the anterior tubercles is a character found in most genera of Antelopes, 
though not in Tetraceros ; the basi-occipital is, however, more square in the Ante- 
lopes, and the anterior tubercles diverge more posteriorly than in HydaspitJierium. 
In all the four genera the plane of the basi- cranial axis is single, and is nearly 
parallel with the plane of the palate, most nearly so in Camelopardalis and Hydaspi- 
therium, and least so in Sivatherium : in all the antelopes the plane of this axis 
forms a large angle with that of the palate, and there is generally an angle at the 
junction of the basi-occipital and basi-sphenoid : in Tetraceros the plane of the basi- 
cranial axis forms a smaller angle with the plane of the palate than in other ante- 
lopes ; in the oxen, sheep, and goats, the inclination of. the two planes is the same as 
in the antelopes, whereas in the deer the plane of the basi-occipital is nearly parallel 
to that of the palate. In Camelopardalis, Bramiatlierium, and Hydaspitherium, 
the vertical diameter of the foramen magnum is larger than the transverse; in 
Sivatherium the two diameters are nearly equal, while in the antelopes the transverse 
diameter is the larger of the two. 
The main points by which the fossil genera differ from Camelopardalis are 
the following : in the fossil genera the inferior border of the orbit is the most 
prominent of the two, while in the living genus the superior border is more promi- 
nent than the inferior border ; the nasals articulate with both maxillae and pre- 
maxiUae, and are relatively longer in the living genus ; the form of the occiput of 
Camelopardalis is also very different, being narrow, with an overhanging crest, with 
no distinct fossa for the ligamentum nuchae, and with narrow and distinct paroc- 
cipital processes. 
In conclusion, I think it may be said that the affinities of the new genus are 
much closer to Camelopardalis than to any other living form ; and that, together 
with Bramatherium, this new genus forms a link between Camelopardalis and 
Sivatherium, the latter having certain points of affinity to the antelopes. 
The teeth of Vishnutherium iravadicum^ of which only those of the lower jaw 
are known, are of too small a size to have belonged to this genus ; they are 
further distinguished by the sculpturing on the enamel being more distinct. 
Teeth and Other Remains of Mammalia, p. 37—56, pi. 7, fi>;8 1 2. 
