171—84 CRANIA or RUMINANTS EROM THE INDIAN TERTIARIES. 
below the horn-cores, and concave between the horn-cores ; the parietals are rounded ; 
the orbit is approximated to the base of the horn-core. The bases of the horn-cores 
are separated by a considerable interval ; the direction of the horn-cores is upwards, 
outwards, and slightly backwards ; they are straight, and decrease in diameter very 
gradually from base to summit ; their antero-posterior diameter is much greater than 
their transverse diameter ; there is a sharp keel at their anterior and posterior 
borders ; the anterior has a very slight twist from within outwards. The dimensions 
of the specimen are as follows : — 
Interval between base of born-core and orbit 
Width of cranium across the orbits 
Interval between bases of bom-cores 
„ „ summits of „ 
^ Length of left horn-core 
Antero-posterior diameter of base of horn-core 
Transverse „ „ „ 
11 
4-9 
1-6 
6-5 
6-8 
2-6 
1-8 
Erom the cranium of the last species, and from the crania of any of the living 
Indian goats, the present specimen is distinguished by the wide interval which 
separates the bases of the horn-cores, and by their direction and the marked keel on 
their anterior border. 
Of the crania of living goats, that which has the nearest approach to the present 
specimen is the cranium of the European JEgoceros pyrenaicus ; the horn-cores 
of both forms agree in being widely separated at the base and approximated to the 
orbit. Those of the European species, however, are distinguished by being longer 
and more slender than those of the present specimen. (Eigures of the crania of the 
European species will be found in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Hel. 1838.) 
Capra, sp. PI. 28, fig. 3. 
The specimen in the above figure is a fragment of a horn-core of the left side 
of a species of goat ; it was collected by Mr. Theobald in the Siwaliks of the 
Potwar district. The specimen has a large antero-posterior diameter, and a small 
transverse diameter ; the lateral surfaces are flattened, and the anterior and 
posterior borders are sharply keeled ; the horn-core is twisted on its longitudinal 
axis, so that the anterior keel curves from within outwards, as in the existing 
Markhoor. The dimensions of the specimen are as follows : — 
Length of fragment 
Anterior-posterior diameter of base 
„ „ „ summit 
Transverse „ base 
Inches. 
2-3 
1-5 
1-4 
This horn-core doubtless belonged to a species of goat closely allied to the 
Markhoor {Capra falconeri) ; but it is distinguished from the horn-cores of that 
species by having a sharp keel on its anterior border, whereas the corresponding 
border of the horn-core of the Markhoor is rounded. More complete specimens are 
required before we can fully point out the affinities of this specimen. 
