191—10 
SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PliOBOSCIDIA. 
The tooth under discussion was obtained by Mr. W. T. Blanford from the 
Sivvalik (Manchar) rocks of Sind ; it is in an intermediate condition of wear, and 
has unfortunately lost a portion of the centre of its hinder ridge, and the outer 
extremity of the anterior ridge. The crown is approximately square, and carries 
two transverse ridges, of which the anterior one (left side of figure) extends com- 
pletely across the crown, with only a slight depression near the middle, while the 
posterior is interrupted by a wide and deep gap. These gaps or depressions in the 
transverse ridges show that the tooth does not belong to the true molar series, in 
which the ridges are uninterrupted. At the outer side of the crown (top of figure) 
the two ridges are connected by a low wall with a V-shaped gap in the middle ; on 
the inner side (lower border of figure) the transverse valley slopes down between 
the extremities of the ridges, without any tubercle at its entrance. The inner 
extremities of the ridges are wider and more worn than the outer. On the dorsal, or 
outer surface of the tooth, there is a deep vertical groove, occupying the space 
between the extremities of the two ridges. The tooth is distinguished at once from 
the penultimate premolar (Plate IX, fig. 1) by the greater continuity of the 
transverse ridges, and by the absence of the high and externally flat wall which 
forms the outer side of that tooth. The dimensions of this tooth are compared 
below with those of a corresponding tooth of D. giganiemn from Eppelsheim, in 
the collection of the Indian Museum : — 
D ‘pentapotamia. D. giganteum 
Length of outer border 2’1 3‘0 
„ „ inner 2‘0 2-1 
Width of last ridge 2'5 3 2 
The tooth of D. giganteum is rather a small specimen. On comparing together 
the two teeth, it will be found that the crown of the Indian tooth is more nearly 
square than that of the European ; the groove on the outer surface is considerably 
deeper in the former than in the latter ; the anterior ridge is less complete in the 
European tooth, and the two outer extremities of the ridges are more closely 
connected than in the Indian tooth. In the latter there is no trace of the tubercle 
which occurs at the entrance of the transverse valley in the former. 
I have lately made a comparison of the penultimate upper premolar of D, 
pentajpotamice (Plate IX, fig. 1), with a corresponding tooth of D. giganteum from 
Eppelsheim, and I find that the European tooth is more square (this is especially 
exemplified in some of Kaup’s figures)' than the Indian; that the hind column 
(representing the inner extremity of the second ridge) extends further across the 
tooth in the former. The entrance to the transverse valley is blocked by a 
conical tubercle in the European tooth, while in the Indian the valley is extended 
outwards by a kind of spout-shaped j)i’ojection ; there are also differences in the 
shape of the cingulum, which are not easy to describe. The differences between 
the premolars confirm the conclusions previously arrived at, as to the specific 
distinctness of the Indian form. 
‘ Kaup, loc. cif., Plate II, fig. 6, 
