SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
21-202 
Genus 1 : MASTODON, Cuvier. 
Elephants in which the number of ridges in the intermediate molars is never 
greater than five, and in which cement is either entirely absent, or present in 
comparatively small quantities. 
Section A. — Teilophodon, Ealconer. 
Intermediate molars with three ridges only. 
Species 1 ; Mastodon ealconeei, n. sp. nobis. Pis. XXXII & XXXIII. 
Kistory. — This species of Siwalik trilophodont Mastodon has been hitherto 
known chiefly by name only, since in the previously published notices of the molars 
upon which I founded the species, I did not give any detailed descriptions, hut 
merely stated that I thought that these teeth were distinct from those of Mastodon 
pandionis (the only other Indian species of the genus with a ternary ridge-formula), 
and also from those of all other species of the genus. The first notice of this 
species will he found in the “ Records,”^ where two lower molars are noticed : a 
second notice of the imperfect cranium of a young animal and of some detached 
molars was given subsequently.^ Since these two preliminary notices were pub- 
lished, several additional molars of the species have been obtained by different 
Officers of the Survey, and the more perfect specimens from this collection are 
now for the first time described and figured under the name of Mastodon falco- 
neri (Lyd.), which was originally proposed by me for the teeth noticed in the 
“ Records.” 
Specimens figured. — The molars figured in the present memoir comprehend the 
second and third upper milk-molars, the first and second upper true molars, the 
second lower milk-molar, and the first and second lower true molars. This series 
of teeth affords us ample material for showing the distinctness and affinities of the 
species, though it is to be hoped that subsequent researches may bring to light a 
complete cranium, in order that we may compare this with the cranium of such of the 
Siwalik species in which it is known. 
Second upper milk-molar. — The two upper milk-molars represented in figs. 2 
and 3 of Plate XXXII belong to the imperfect and much crushed cranium of a young 
individual noticed above, which was obtained by Mr. Theobald in 1877 from the 
Siwaliks of the Punjab. The smaller of these two teeth (fig. 2) is evidently 
from its size and shape the second upper milk-molar of the left side.® The specimen 
was implanted in the jaw by two fangs, the hinder one of which is considerably the 
larger of the two. The form of the crown-sinface is rudely oblong, and is narrower 
* Eec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. X, p. 83. 
5 Ihid., Vol. XI, p. 70. 
* This tooth, being more worn than the succeeding tooth (fig. 3), must be a milk-molar, and not a premolar. 
