SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
25—206 
appears to be the reverse of what occurs in other Mastodons. If, for instance, we 
refer to the figures of the upper and lower milk dentition of Mastodon pentelici and 
M. tapir oides {turicensis) given by Professor Gaudry,^ we shall find that the lower 
teeth are somewhat more worn than the upper. As I have not the least doubt but that 
the two Indian teeth belong to the same cranium, we must assume that the relative 
position of the upper and lower milk-molars of M. falconeri was slightly difi'erent 
from that which occurs in M. pentelici and M. tapiroides : that is, that the second 
upper milk-molar M^as partially abraded by the first lower milk-molar in the former. 
First lower true molar. — The next tooth we have to consider is the specimen 
represented in fig. 3 of Plate XXXIII. This specimen is an almost unworn germ 
of the crown, with the fangs broken off, collected by Mr. Pedden in the Laki hills 
of Sind. This tooth carries three transverse ridges and fore-and-aft talons ; it is 
slightly larger than the first upper true molar in the young cranium noticed above, 
but is evidently the corresponding lower tooth. The column in the lower right-hand 
corner of the figure is very slightly abraded by wear, which shows that this side 
is the front of the tooth ; from the flatness of the crown the tooth is evidently 
from the lower jaw, and from the accessory columns being placed externally to the 
median cleft, the tooth is as evidently of the right side, the arrangement of these 
columns being exactly the reverse of that which occurs in the upper molars. 
The general form of the crown, as viewed in plan, is oblong, with an average, 
even width ; the ridges are blunt and short, with fairly open valleys ; each ridge 
is divided by a deep median longitudinal cleft into an outer and an inner column ; 
the three inner columns carry two cusps each ; the first outer column has a large 
accessory column or tubercle, placed at its antero-internal angle, on the outer 
side of the median cleft ; a faint rudiment of another accessory column occurs on 
the postero-internal angle of the same main column. The outer column of the 
second ridge has a large accessory column on either side adjoining the median 
cleft ; the outer column of the third ridge is divided into two cones by a cleft. The 
anterior talon (right side of figure) forms a broad projecting ledge on this side of 
the tooth, divided into numerous cusps, of which the one at the inner extremity is 
considerably larger than any of the others. The posterior talon consists of a low 
double ridge, the first of these minor ridges being the larger of the two, and bearing 
two large outer cusps, between which are three much smaller cusps ; the second ridge 
of this talon consists of three or four ill-defined cusps. There is a slight rudiment 
of a tubercle at the outer extremity of each of the transverse valleys. In tlie 
centre of each of these valleys there is also a slight obstruction at the very base, 
caused by the approximation of the bases of the contiguous accessory columns. 
When worn down, the outer columns would evidently present distinct trefoil-shaped 
islets of dentine. The length of this tooth is 4T inches ; its width 2’4 inches, and 
the height of its ridges 1*4 inches. 
Second lower true molar. — Continuing our serial survey of the lower molars 
‘ “ Animaux Fossiles el Geologie de I’Attique,” Atlas, Pis. XXII and XXIY. 
