207—26 
-SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
we come to the large specimen represented in fig. 4 of Plate XXXTII. This tooth 
is implanted in a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, represented 
on a smaller scale in fig. 1 of the same plate ; in front of the figured tooth there 
is in the jaw a fragment of another much worn tooth, which is too imperfect for 
description ; the jaw was collected by Mr. Theobald in the Punjab. The figured 
specimen carries three stout transverse ridges and a very large hind-talon, and is 
slightly narrower in front than behind. Prom its great size, and from the number 
of its ridges, it is quite evident that this tooth must be the second lower true molar, 
and that it consequently corresponds in serial position to the upper molar repre- 
sented in fig. 1 of Plate XXXII ; the two teeth, however, belong to opposite sides. 
The lower molar is considerably more worn down than the upper, since in the 
former large dentine islets are exposed on the third ridge, whereas in the latter, the 
enamel of that ridge is not perforated. 
The lower molar is considerably the larger of the two, and probably belonged to a 
male animal ; the two teeth, however, have essentially the same form and structure, 
and it will be needless to fully describe the lower tooth, and I will, therefore, content 
myself witli pointing out how this tooth agrees with the upper tooth. 
Both teeth, it will be observed, carry a very large hind-talon, which is divided 
into two columns, but less distinctly in the lower than in the upper molar. In the 
lower molar the accessory columns in the transverse valleys, on the outer side of the 
median longitudinal cleft, are somewhat more worn down than the corresponding 
columns, on the inner side of the same cleft, in the upper toot h, and the valleys 
are apparently blocked to a somewhat greater extent than in that tooth. The 
lower molar agrees with the corresponding tooth in the upper jaw (Plate XXXII 
hg. 1) in presenting trefoil-shaped islets of dentine exposed by detrition, in one 
of the columns of each ridge, when well worn down. These trefoils are situated 
on the inner columns of the upper, and on the outer columns of the lower molar. 
At the outer extremity of each transverse ' valley in the lower molar, there occur 
low blunt tubercles, the homologues of those situated at the opposite extremities of 
the valleys of the upper molars. A small anterior talon occurs in the lower molar, 
its exposed dentine islet being in direct connection with that of the first ridge ; it 
is probable that a similar talon, which has been broken off, originally occurred in 
the upper molar. 
Mandible . — The fragment of the mandible in which the last described molar 
is implanted (Plate XXXIII, fig. 1) comprizes the middle portion of the horizontal 
ramus of the right side. This fragment is of great thickness and presents a nearly 
circular transverse section below the last molar, the transverse diameter being 
slightly larger than the vertical. Its inner surface is nearly flat, but its outer sur- 
face is convex, both from above downwards and from before backwards, and bulges 
out suddenly below the crown of the molars. The lower border is highly convex* ; 
where broken off at the commencement of the symphysis it has only a depth of 
This border iu the figure is too straight. 
