SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 27—208 
about 4 inches, and is sub-circular in section. The dimensions of the ramus and 
molar are as folloArs : — 
Length of last molar 
Width of ditto . . , , 
Height of hind-talon of ditto . 
Depth of iaw at last molar 
Ditto at commencement of symphysis 
Width of ditto (greatest) 
6-4 
3-7 
2-2 
6'4 
3-9 
6-9 
From the arcuated form of the inferior border of the mandible, we infer that the 
mandible had a short symphysis^ because in Ilasfodons with a long symphysis 
(AT. migustidens,^ M. longirostris,^ M. pandionis^), the portion of the mandible 
beloAV the molars has a straight, or slightly sinuous, inferior border, but never an 
arcuated one. The same inference is draA^n from the sub-circular section of the 
mandible ; the Proboscidia with long mandibular symphyses {Dinotherium [except 
D. sindieme~\, M. angustidem, M. longirostris^ M. pandionis) having always a 
laterally compressed mandible. This lateral compression of the mandible is necessary 
to bear the strain of the great symphysis, it being a well known principle in engi- 
neering to have the larger diameter of your beams at right angles to the strain. 
Again, if M. falconeri had a long symphysis, the cross section of the ramus of the 
mandible at the symphysis, in place of being sub-circular, would have a thick base 
and a t h i n outer wall superiorly. 
General characters . — The characteristic points of the molars of M. falconeri may 
be summarised as follows : “ intermediate molars with three transverse ridges and 
large talons ; ridges running directly across the crown of the tooth, and divided into 
inner and outer columns by an approximately mesial cleft; accessory columns, 
situated on the inner side of this cleft in the upper, and on the outer side in the 
lower molars, slightly blocking the middle of the transverse valleys; dentine islets 
of one column in each ridge trefoil-shaped® ; blunt tubercles at the inner extremities 
of the valleys in the upper, and at the outer in the lower molars ; no cement.” Tiie 
ridge formula of this species, as far as it is known, follows the normal trilophodont 
law, and may be written as follows ; — 
Milk-molars. Molars. 
l(P)4-2-l-3 3-k3-k4(?) 
l(.P)-k2-|-3(?) 3-|-3-h4(.?) 
From the absence of any trace of premolars in the young cranium noticed al)ove, 
(in which the alveoli of the milk-molars have been cut into) it is almost certain that 
these teeth were not developed in this species. We know nothing regarding the 
‘ See “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” PI. XLIV, figs. 4, 16, 23 A. 
2 Ihid., pi XLIV, fig. 5. “ Abhand. der k. k. Geol. Reich.,” Wien., vol. vii, pt. 4, 1877, pi. I. 
3 F. A. S. pi. XLV, fig. 10. 
See below. 
^ In the tooth drawn in Plate XXXII, fig. 4, it will he observed that the exposed dentine surfaces are of an 
irregular, and not of a trefoil-shape ; this is owing to the great extent to which the tooth has been worn away. 
