211—30 
SIWALIK AND NARBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 
Pine specimens of the associated penultimate and last lower true-molars of 
M. angmtidens are figured by Herr. Vacek the penultimate molar there figured is 
a much smaller, narrower, and simpler tooth than the corresponding tooth of M. 
falconeri (Plate XXXIII, fig. 4) ; the valleys of the former are much more open, 
the accessory columns and the dentine trefoils less distinct than in the Indian tooth ; 
the Euroj)ean tooth has a very small hind-talon. The mandible of M. falconeri has a 
sub- circular cross section, and a short symphysis, while that of M. angustidens ^ has 
the symphysis produced into a long rostrum ; whether the former had tusks is not 
known ; it seems almost certain, from the absence of any trace of premolars in the 
young cranium of the former species described above, that those teeth are not 
developed in 31. falconeri, as they are in M. angustidens. 
M. horsoni. — After 31. angustidens no species of 3Iastodon comes very close to 
31. falconeri in the form of its molars. The molars of 31. horsoni are at once dis- 
tinguished from those of the Indian species by the almost complete absence of the 
median longitudinal cleft, which in general is only visible in germ or quite unworn 
specimens.^ Pigures of the teeth of this species are given in Messrs. Lortet and 
Chantre’s monograph on the Mastodons of the Rhone basin.^ 
31. andium. — In 3Iastodon andium ® the dentine discs of wear of the columns 
of the ridges are of nearly equal size, and do not form such distinct trefoils as in 31. 
falconeri. The second lower molar in the former has no hind-talon, while the last 
lower molar has five ridges, which we have no reason to suppose ^was the case with 
31. falconeri. 
31. humholdtii.- — Pine specimens of the associated second and third lower 
true-molars of this species are figured by the late H. von Meyer.® The last tooth has 
four ridges and a very large hind talon, which might almost be classed as a fifth 
ridge. The penultimate lower molar has three ridges and a small hind talon : if the 
figure of this tooth be compared with that of the corresponding tooth of M. falconeri 
(Plate XXXIII, fig. 4), it wiU be seen that the European tooth irrespective of its 
smaller size, differs from the Indian by its much simpler structure, and smaller hind- 
talon ; the columns in the former are not sub-divided into smaller cones, the acces- 
sory tubercles are small, and the valleys much more open than in the latter. 
31. maximus. — In 3Iastodon maximus the ridges of the molars are relatively 
higher and narrower than in Jf. falconeri ; the transverse valleys are completely 
open, and the hind-talon is very small. 
* “ Abhandl. der. k. k. Geol. Eeich.” Wien 18, Vol. VII, pt. 4, Plate IV, fig. 2. 
^ “ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis”, Plate XLIV, fig. 5. Abhandl. der. scbweiz, Pal. Gesell., Vol. Ill, Plate II, fig. 4. 
® Falconer : “ Palaeontological Memoirs”, Vol. II, p. 18. 
“ Mastodontes du Bassin du Ehone.” Arcbiv. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Lyons, Vol. II, Plates XI, XII, XVI, 
XVI bis. Lyons, 1878. 
® M. andium was originally classed by Falconer as a Trilophodon, though subsequentlj as a Tetralophodon ; it 
appears in the latter group on page 14 of the second volume of the “ Palaeontological Memoirs,” but a note is there 
appended, saying that Dr. Falconer thought of once again placing it among the Trilojohodons, The species seems in 
reality to have been one forming a link between the two sections of the genus. 
® “ Palacontographica,” Vol. XVII, Plate VI. 
