217—36 
SIWALIK AND NALiBADA PEOBOSCIDIA. 
trougli-like symphysis. Where there is a short symphysis in Proboscidians, the 
alveolar border of the ramus descends suddenly in front of the anterior molar, as is 
well shown in Plates XLIV — V of the “Fauna Antiqna Sivalensis,” and the 
transverse section near the commencement of the symphysis is suh-circnlar in 
each ramus, instead of having a thick base and a tall and slender side-wall. The 
mandible of 31. pandionis presents two nervous foramina of unusually large size, 
the one situated immediately below the anterior border of the penultimate molar, 
and the other some 4 inches in advance, nearer to the inferior border of the ramus. 
The great size of these two foramina indicates a very large inferior branch of the 
fifth nerve, which would be necessary to supply the large amount of tissues in- 
vesting a prolonged symphysial rostrum. The mandible has a vertical depth of 
7’0 inches at the middle of the last molar, and of 7 ’8 inches at the commencement, 
of the symphysis, its thickness at the same point being 4 inches. If these dimen- 
sions are compared with those of the mandible of 31. falconeri given above, it will 
be seen that the form of the ramus of the mandible is alone an amply sufficient 
distinction between the two species. 
Last lower molar. — The next specimens I wish to bring to notice, are the right 
lower molar, and the symphysis of a mandible, represented in fig. 4 of Plate XXXV 
and in fig. 1 of Plate XXXVI. The molar is implanted in a fragment of the right 
ramus of a mandible, which is a part of the same specimen as the symphysis. When 
first obtained in the Punjab, Mr. Theobald tells me that the whole mandible was 
complete ; the specimen was, however, in an extremely friable condition, and when it 
arrived in Caleutta, the only j)ortions which were not reduced to fragments were a 
part of the right ramus and the figured symphysis. 
The figured tooth, which is about one-third worn down, carries four ridges and a 
large hind-talon. If this tooth be compared with the last lower molar represented 
in fig. 2 of Plate XXXIV, it will be seen (making allowance, of course, for the one 
tooth being well worn and the other a germ) that the two molars are similar in 
form, and evidently belong to the same species, both being in fact last right lower 
molars. It will not be necessary to describe the well-worn tooth, since I have mainly 
figured it in order to prove that the symphysis of the mandible associated with it really 
belonged to 31astodon pandionis. 
The worn last molar is slightly larger than the corresponding unworn tooth, 
and the jaw in which the former is implanted is also correspondingly larger than the 
jaw which carries the unworn tooth ; both jaws have, however, preeisely the same 
form. In front of the worn last true molar, there remains in the jaw the fragment- 
ary base of a smaller tooth, which from its size seems to have carried three ridges, 
and which would therefore correspond to the penultimate molar, represented in 
fig. 1 of Plate XXXIV. The length of the last molar is 8’4 inches, and its width 
3’3 inches. 
Symphysis of mandible. — The symphysis of the mandible, Plate XXXVI, fig. 1, 
consists of a long spout-like rostrum, the figured fragment being some 20 inches in 
