SIWALIK AND NAEBADA PROBOSCIDIA. 47—228 
from the mamnialiferous strata of the Indian region. With the teeth which rightly 
belong to Mastodon, Air. Clift appears to have included, under the same specific 
name, certain other molars with a higher ridge-formula, which really belonged to the 
suh-genus Stegodon, subsequently formed by Dr. Dalconer. Tliis error was detected 
and corrected by the late Dr. Palconer,^ who described and figured other similar 
molars from the Indian Siwaliks ^ under the name of Mastodon latidens, at the 
same time clearly defining the characters of the species and the genus. ^ The 
distinctive characters of the molars of this species, as given by Dr. Dalconer, are that 
the “ intermediate molars” each carry four transverse ridges, which are low and 
blunt, and extend straight across the crown of the tooth. These ridges are sepa- 
rated by transverse valleys, which are quite open, and uninterrupted by outlying 
tubercles. Cement is virtually absent, or, at all events, is present in such small 
quantities that it may be practically disregarded. 
In Plate XXXI of the “ Pauna Antiqua Sivalensis” figures of more or less 
perfect specimens of the following teeth of this species have been given, name- 
ly, the third (?) upper milk-molar (fig. 2), the third upper milk and first true 
molar (fig. 3), the incomplete first and second upper true molars (fig. 4), and 
the last upper true molar (fig. 6). In Plate XL of the same work are given 
figures of the following teeth, namely, a tooth doubtfully considered as the. second 
upper milk-molar (fig. 1), which, as we shall see below, does not belong to this 
species at all, the third upper milk-molar (fig. 2), and the first upper true molar 
(fig. 3). Excluding, therefore, the misnamed tooth, the upper molars of Mas- 
todon latidens, known to Ealconer and Cautley, were the third milk-molar and 
the three true molars ; no complete specimen of the second true molar was, how- 
ever, figured by them. 
In the accompanying Plates XXXVII to XXXIX I have given figiwes of 
the three milk-molars,^ of the second and third true molars, and of the penultimate 
and last upper premolars, so that, with a few exceptions, the whole of the dentition 
of this species is now known. 
Distribution. — Before proceeding to describe the figured molars, I wish to say 
a few words relating to the distribution of this species. In the synoptical view of 
the species of Mastodon given by Dr. Ealconer,® the distribution of Mastodon latidens 
is given as “ Ava and Southern India this statement appears clearly to be erro- 
neous. The real distribution of the species is as follows ; — “ Ava,® Siwaliks from 
Dehra-Dun to Punjab,’’ Sind,® and doubtfully from Perim Island.® T he species? 
1 Pal. Mem., Vol. I, p. 59. 
^ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, Pis. XXXI and XL. 
® Pal. Mem., Vol. II, pp. 11, 14. 
^ Except the first lower. 
® Pal. Mem. Vol, II, p. 14. 
® Clift : sujp. cit. 
^ Specimens in Indian Museum. 
® Falconer : Cat. of Vert. Foss. Mus. As. Soc. Bengal, p. 256. Ind. Mus. 
^ Falconer : sup. cit., p. 206. 
